Solid–liquid separation in suspension atomization

Mulhem, Basel; Schulte, Günther; Fritsching, Udo

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2005.11.035

Cited by 34 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In Walsel's model, the effect of the Ohnesorge number is overestimated for viscosities > 100 mPa·s. Figure 4 presents a graphical representation of the correlation between measured and predicted SMD values calculated according to Mulhem's 11,12) model. The SMD of spray mist could be successfully estimated by Mulhem's model for all binder solutions, whereas Mulhems' model is valid from 1 to 80 mPa·s.…”

Section: Prediction Of the Smd Of Spray Mists By Walsel's Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The external mixing spray nozzle is used more frequently than the internal nozzle. Gretzinger and Marshall, 8) Kim and Marshall, 9) Walsel, 10) and Mulhem et al 11,12) also published prediction models, which are based on their respective unique experimental conditions. However, none of the models specifically considers spray conditions for fluidized bed granulation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mean mist diameter is often kept constant during scale-up. 6) Although many models for predicting mean spray mist diameters have been proposed, 3,[7][8][9][10][11][12] it is unclear which should be applied to an actual industrial scale-up study of the fluidized bed granulation process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12] Hede et al 14) summarized the past challenges to successfully estimating spray mist diameter. They compared data for mist diameter generated by several prediction models, which have been advocated for decades.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Models for Predicting Spray Mist Diameter for Scaling-Up of the Fluidized Bed Granulation Process

Fujiwara

Dohi

Otsuka

et al. 2012

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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We evaluated models for predicting spray mist diameter suitable for scaling-up the fluidized bed granulation process. By precise selection of experimental conditions, we were able to identify a suitable prediction model that considers changes in binder solution, nozzle dimension, and spray conditions. We used hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) binder solutions, which are commonly employed by the pharmaceutical industry. Nozzle dimension and spray conditions for oral dosing were carefully selected to reflect manufacturing and small (1/10) scale process conditions. We were able to demonstrate that the prediction model proposed by Mulhem optimally estimated spray mist diameter when each coefficient was modified. Moreover, we developed a simple scale-up rule to produce the same spray mist diameter at different process scales. We confirmed that the Rosin-Rammler distribution could be applied to this process, and that its distribution coefficient was 1.43-1.72 regardless of binder solution, spray condition, or nozzle dimension.

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Section: Prediction Of the Smd Of Spray Mists By Walsel's Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Models for Predicting Spray Mist Diameter for Scaling-Up of the Fluidized Bed Granulation Process

Fujiwara

Dohi

Otsuka

et al. 2012

CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN

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“…While there are many specific observations, there are some overall general findings. One group of studies evaluated the role of slurry particle size and generally determined that, if the slurry particles are smaller than the droplets, the slurry particles do not tend to affect the droplet distribution (Mulhem et al 2006(Mulhem et al , 2003(Mulhem et al , 2001Fritsching et al 2009). When the slurry particles become progressively larger and specifically larger than droplets that would be generated in the absence of the slurry particles, droplet formation is naturally influenced.…”

Section: Effect Of Slurry Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-Scale Spray Releases: Initial Aerosol Test Results

Mahoney¹,

Gauglitz²,

Kimura³

et al. 2013

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One of the events postulated in the hazard analysis at the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) and other U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear facilities is a breach in process piping that produces aerosols with droplet sizes in the respirable range. The current approach for predicting the size and concentration of aerosols produced in a spray leak involves extrapolating from correlations reported in the literature. These correlations are based on results obtained from small engineered spray nozzles using pure liquids with Newtonian fluid behavior. The narrow ranges of physical properties on which the correlations are based do not cover the wide range of slurries and viscous materials that will be processed in the WTP and across processing facilities in the DOE complex.Two key technical areas were identified where testing results were needed to improve the technical basis by reducing the uncertainty due to extrapolating existing literature results. The first technical need was to quantify the role of slurry particles in small breaches where the slurry particles may plug and result in substantially reduced, or even negligible, respirable fraction formed by high-pressure sprays. The second technical need was to determine the aerosol droplet size distribution and volume from prototypic breaches and fluids, specifically including sprays from larger breaches with slurries where data from the literature are scarce.To address these technical areas, small-and large-scale test stands were constructed and operated with simulants to determine aerosol release fractions and net generation rates from a range of breach sizes and geometries. The properties of the simulants represented the range of properties expected in the WTP process streams and included water, sodium salt solutions, slurries containing boehmite or gibbsite, and a hazardous chemical simulant. The effect of antifoam agents was assessed with most of the simulants. Orifices included round holes and rectangular slots. For the combination of both test stands, the round holes ranged in size from 0.2 to 4.46 mm. The slots ranged from (width × length) 0.3 × 5 to 2.74 × 76.2 mm. Most slots were oriented longitudinally along the pipe, but some were oriented circumferentially. In addition, a limited number of multi-hole test pieces were tested in an attempt to assess the impact of a more complex breach. Much of the testing was conducted at pressures of 200 and 380 psi, but some tests were conducted at 100 psi. Testing the largest postulated breaches was deemed impractical because of the much larger flow rates and equipment that would be required.This report presents the experimental results and analyses for the aerosol measurements obtained in the small-scale test stand. It includes a description of the simulants used and their properties, equipment and operations, data analysis methodologies, and test results. The results of tests investigating the role of slurry particles in plugging small breaches are reported in Mahoney et al. (2012). The results of the...

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Spraying and Atomizing of Liquids

Walzel

2019

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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Solid–liquid separation in suspension atomization

Cited by 34 publications

References 5 publications

Evaluation of Models for Predicting Spray Mist Diameter for Scaling-Up of the Fluidized Bed Granulation Process

Evaluation of Models for Predicting Spray Mist Diameter for Scaling-Up of the Fluidized Bed Granulation Process

Small-Scale Spray Releases: Initial Aerosol Test Results

Spraying and Atomizing of Liquids

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