Solid-phase extraction of aflatoxins using a nanosorbent consisting of a magnetized nanoporous carbon core coated with a molecularly imprinted polymer

New Advanced Materials and Sorbent-Based Microextraction Techniques as Strategies in Sample Preparation to Improve the Determination of Natural Toxins in Food Samples

“…Magnetic MIPs have also been developed for the selective extraction of aflatoxins and ochratoxins from different food matrices ( Table 2). For instance, Wu et al prepared an MNP with a core of nanoporous carbon magnetized with Co 3 O 4 , which was coated with a dummy MIP for aflatoxins [72]. Ethyl-3-coumarincarboylate was used as template.…”

Sample Preparation Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

“…An example of particles produced using Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs as core particles is provided in Figure 7e. Among these studies, Li et al, who produced a layer of MIP by polycondensation of melamine, resorcinol, and formaldehyde in the pores of a mesoporous silica layer, used as sacrificial support, showed the effect of polymerization time on the adsorption capacity as well as on the selectivity of the MIP particles which reached an optimum after 3 h. 173 Other types of particles, such as silanized-hollow Fe3O4 microspheres, 44 graphite flakes coated by Fe3O4 NPs and further silanized, 33 Fe3O4 NPs covered by a mesoporous silica layer and further covered by GO 177 or GO coated with Fe3O4 NPs 94 and further vinilyzed 178 or covered by a mesoporous silica layer before being vinylized, 179 graphene-CNTs grafted with Fe3O4 NPs, 180 CNTs covered by a SiO2 layer, 118 silanized magnetic mesoporous carbon particles, 181 cobaltbased magnetic nanoporous carbon prepared from MOF, 182 and modified-β-cyclodextrin silanized Fe3O4 NPs 183 were also recently reported. Magnetic properties were also obtained by the grafting of Fe3O4 NPs at the end of the synthesis of the MIP previously prepared at the surface of mesoporous silica 51 or by the in situ growth of Fe3O4 NPs in the pores of the mesoporous imprinting silica prepared by a sol-gel approach with the presence of a surfactant.…”

“…51,147,165 For solid samples, as for MIP-SPE applications, which are subjected to a first treatment with a solvent, the resulting liquid extracts are put in contact with MIP particles either directly 117 or after a dilution with a buffer or a hydro-organic mixture. 34,59,96,180,182,185 While all these sample pretreatment procedures are varied and aim to make the sample less viscous or to eliminate certain interfering compounds such as proteins, the conditions are rarely, if ever, really justified. The desorption of small molecules is mainly achieved using organic solvents that may contain some acids to help desorption.…”

Combined biocompatible medium with molecularly imprinted polymers for determination of aflatoxins B1 in real sample

“…Conventionally, prior to analysis, an extraction procedure aims at separating and enriching target component from the intricate matrix is always required. Immunoaffinity columns (IACs) and other commercialized SPE columns were preferentially selected as the purification columns of the mycotoxins . However, general SPE sorbents have poor performances in selectivity and recovery during the analysis of multiple components, which is also the reason why those SPE columns cannot meet the requirement of pretreatment.…”

“…The most disturbing mycotoxins include aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxins (OTs), and zearalenone (ZEN), which were classified as carcinogenic substance by the International Agency of Research on Cancer (IARC) [1][2][3]. These mycotoxins often contaminate crops and their by-products during preparing, processing, and storing columns (IACs) and other commercialized SPE columns were preferentially selected as the purification columns of the mycotoxins [11]. However, general SPE sorbents have poor performances in selectivity and recovery during the analysis of multiple components, which is also the reason why those SPE columns cannot meet the requirement of pretreatment.…”