Solid‐phase microextraction for the human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals: Current applications and future perspectives

Abstract

Sample preparation is one of the crucial steps in the analytical chemistry including human biomonitoring studies. Although there are several traditional approaches available, solid‐phase microextraction is emerged as one of the pioneering techniques due to its simplicity, rapidness, wide applicability, and miniaturization of traditional sample preparation (e.g., use of less or no organic solvents). There are few earlier review articles available on the advancements in solid‐phase microextraction and its use for the measurement of environmental chemicals in various types of environmental samples. However, a collective information on applicability and current usage of solid‐phase microextraction for the human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals are scarce, nonetheless, rising demands on innovative analytical approaches for human biomonitoring studies. Hence, in this review article, we covered the application of solid‐phase microextraction as extraction/purification methods for more than 15 classes of environmental chemicals to assess their respective exposure levels and associated health outcomes in various human population reported across the globe. Further, a detailed discussion on various types of matrix used, nature of coupled analytical instrumentations, and limitations and future perspectives of solid‐phase microextraction for human biomonitoring studies is presented in this review.

Enhancing the efficiency of polypyrrole-dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid in-tube solid-phase microextraction coating for analysis of nitrogen-containing pesticides in water environments

“…Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technology, characterized by its miniaturization, solvent-free nature, automation, and high sensitivity, has emerged as a powerful tool for sample pretreatment (Manousi et al, 2020;Kim and Karthikraj, 2021;Dugheri et al, 2022). In particular, in-tube SPME (IT-SPME) has been widely applied in the analysis of pollutants in environmental, food, and biological samples due to its simplicity and excellent extraction performance (Kataoka, 2021;Badawy et al, 2022).…”