Solid-Phase Reduction of Iron from Suroyam Titanomagnetite Ore during Metallization in Rotary Kiln

Abstract

In this work the solid-phase reduction of iron from the Suroyam titanomagnetite ore was studied during metallization in a rotary kiln. The technique of preparation of the ore and reducing agent for metallization and the process of continuous processing of materials in a rotary kiln were described in detail. For metallization the temperature was chosen 1150°C, due to low melting point of apatite from one of the components. The results of the electron microscope analysis of the initial ore and samples subjected to metallization for 1-hour reduction time were presented. The reduction of iron occurred despite absence of pores and contact with a reducing agent in the grains of titanomagnetite. Iron in the grains of titanomagnetite surrounded by apatite was reduced to wustite; whereas, iron surrounded by clinopyroxene was reduced to metallic iron. This indicated the effect of composition of the gangue materials on the reduction process.

Effect of Briquette Thickness on Iron Nugget Formation in Fluxless Processing of Iron Sand Concentrate under Isothermal – Temperature Gradient Profiles

“…Titanomagnetite was suggested to be preoxidized with the aim of converting titanomagnetite or magnetite to hematite to facilitate the reduction of ironbearing oxides to metallic iron. 8,10,11,13) Solid-state reduction of titanomagnetite by graphite, [14][15][16] coal, 17,18) and coke 20) in the temperature range of 1 000-1 350°C was also investigated. In general, the iron-bearing oxides in titanomagnetite were reduced to metallic iron at a temperature higher than 900°C and the degree of metallization can be enhanced by increasing the reduction temperature.…”

Effect of Initial Temperature on Iron Nugget Formation in Fluxless Processing of Titanomagnetite Under Isothermal – Temperature Gradient Profiles

“…[6] Alternatively, many studies have focused on direct reduction in the solid state of TTM by carbonaceous materials wherein iron can be separated from other oxides using magnetic separators. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Coal as reducing agent had shown better performance than coke, graphite or biochar. [22] The addition of coal can be done simultaneously through mixing with TTM or also by immersing pellets or briquettes into the coal bed or coal embedding.…”