Solid salt confinement effect: An effective strategy to fabricate high crystalline polymer carbon nitride for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Xu, Yangsen; He, Xin; Zhong, Hong; Singh, David J.; Zhang, Lijun; Wang, Ruihu

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.01.069

Cited by 169 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…13,14 Earlier, we have shown superior activity of K-PHI in comparison with covalent carbon nitrides in reductive cyclocondensation of chalcones to cyclopentanoles, 10 synthesis of Nfused pyrroles 15 and oxidative thiolation of toluene. 9 On the other hand, tinted long-lived carbon nitride radicals have been applied in H 2 production 8, 16 and O 2 reduction to H 2 O 2 . 11,17 Based on cyanamide-functionalized poly(heptazine imide), Lotsch et al designed a "solar battery" that combines in one device a light harvester and a charge storage reservoir.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green radicals of potassium poly(heptazine imide) using light and benzylamine

et al. 2019

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green radicals of potassium poly(heptazine imide) using light and benzylamine

et al. 2019

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“…The employed KPCN semiconductor was synthesized following our previous work [40] . Typically, melamine (3.0 g, Alfa Aesar) was ground with KCl (2.25 g, Alfa Aesar) in 2 mL EtOH in an agate mortar.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The employed KPCN semiconductor was synthesized following our previous work. [40] Typically, melamine (3.0 g, Alfa Aesar) was ground with KCl (2.25 g, Alfa Aesar) in 2 mL EtOH in an agate mortar. The dry mixture was heated to 580°C for 3.5 h with the rate of 3.3 K min À 1 in a tube furnace in an air atmosphere.…”

Section: Experimental Section Preparation Of Pd/kpcn Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To this end, herein, selective N-alkylation of nitroaromatic compounds with water and alkanols are designed over visible-light-active K + inserted polymeric carbon nitride (KPCN) semiconductors. [40] In the integrated system, photoexcited electrons are utilized to reduce water to furnish active H-species for hydrogenation of nitroarenes to the corresponding anilines, while photoexcited holes are proposed to oxidize alkanols to furnish aldehyde intermediates. The sequential condensation of anilines and aldehydes followed by hydrogenation produces N-alkyl amines, which are widespread in a series of bioactive compounds as well as pharmaceutical derivatives.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Photocatalytic Water‐Splitting Coupled with Alkanol Oxidation for Selective N‐alkylation Reactions over Carbon Nitride

Zhang

Qiu

et al. 2020

ChemSusChem

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Photocatalytic water splitting technology (PWST) enables the direct use of water as appealing “liquid hydrogen source” for transfer hydrogenation reactions. Currently, the development of PWST‐based transfer hydrogenations is still in an embryonic stage. Previous reports generally centered on the rational utilization of the in situ generated H‐source (electrons) for hydrogenations, in which photogenerated holes were quenched by sacrificial reagents. Herein, the fully‐utilization of the liquid H‐source and holes during water splitting is presented for photo‐reductive N‐alkylation of nitro‐aromatic compounds. In this integrate system, H‐species in situ generated from water splitting were designed for nitroarenes reduction to produce amines, while alkanols were oxidized by holes for cascade alkylating of anilines as well as the generated secondary amines. More than 50 examples achieved with a broad range scope validate the universal applicability of this mild and sustainable coupling approach. The synthetic utility of this protocol was further demonstrated by the synthesis of existing pharmaceuticals via selective N‐alkylation of amines. This strategy based on the sustainable water splitting technology highlights a significant and promising route for selective synthesis of valuable N‐alkylated fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals from nitroarenes and amines with water and alkanols.

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“…This can be achieved by using a semiconductor that splits water into hydrogen and oxygen [2]. Notably, hydrogen produced via water-splitting has emerged as an environmentally friendly fuel for sustainable energy cycles [3]. The technique combines two system parts: solar energy collection and water electrolysis systems [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Efficiency Photon-Capturing Capability of Two-Dimensional SnS Nanosheets for Photoelectrochemical Cells

Huang

Woo²,

Lee

et al. 2021

Catalysts

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Cost-effective, abundant, and non-toxic SnS nanosheet semiconductors can be used as water-splitting cells. Herein, a photoanode based on high-purity and highly crystalline SnS nanosheets was fabricated. We used sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3·5H2O) and stannous chloride (SnCl2·2H2O) as the tin and sulfur source materials, in place of SnCl4 and H2S gas, respectively, which have been used in previous studies. This gas-free fabrication process represents a new, environment-friendly fabrication method that can reduce the manufacturing cost of SnS nanosheets. The fabricated samples were characterized via X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, XPS, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman analyses. The XPS result indicated no Sn0 or Sn4+ in the S3 nanosheet; the nanosheet was SnS. These results with XRD show that the SnS nanosheet has high phase purity and crystallinity. Its direct optical band gap is 1.31 eV, and its lattice parameters are similar to those of standard SnS. The SnS nanosheet-based photoanode exhibited a maximum saturation photocurrent of 6.86 mA cm−2 at 0.57 V versus Ag/AgCl, with high stability. The most effective photocurrent for the photocatalytic water-splitting cell is attained with an increase in the surface area and developed electrical conduction. This is attributed to thermal annealing, which eliminates nanoparticle imperfections. This study confirms that SnS nanosheets are excellent candidates for water-splitting applications.

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Solid salt confinement effect: An effective strategy to fabricate high crystalline polymer carbon nitride for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Cited by 169 publications

References 54 publications

Green radicals of potassium poly(heptazine imide) using light and benzylamine

Green radicals of potassium poly(heptazine imide) using light and benzylamine

Photocatalytic Water‐Splitting Coupled with Alkanol Oxidation for Selective N‐alkylation Reactions over Carbon Nitride

High-Efficiency Photon-Capturing Capability of Two-Dimensional SnS Nanosheets for Photoelectrochemical Cells

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