Solid Solutions of Ice and NH4F and Their Dielectric Properties

Zaromb, Sol; Brill, R.

doi:10.1063/1.1742629

Cited by 55 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The very low distribution coefficient of HF comes as a surprise, since HF is supposed to enter the lattice substitutionally with a minimum of distortion. NH4F shows the highest dis tribution coefficient, as expected (67,162), and HC1 is lower than HF, also as expected (65). Two typical chloride curves are shown in Figure 11 for comparison.…”

Section: Convection-governed Impurity Distribution With Uniform Freezsupporting

confidence: 56%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Some Effects of Trace Inorganics on the Ice/Water System

Gross

1968

Trace Inorganics in Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trace inorganic impurities cause specific changes in the con ductivity, dielectric constant and dielectric relaxation, ther moelectric power, mechanical relaxation, and the microstruc ture of ice. Most of these effects are explained by changes in the populations of ion defects and valence defects. The freezing potential (Workman-Reynolds effect) occurs when trace amounts (10 -6 M to 10 -3 M) of many inorganic and some organic salts are present in a freezing solution. Selec tive ion incorporation induces a charge layer at the advanc ing phase boundary. Its effect on the overall distribution of impurities between the phases is probably small. The dis tribution coefficient increases with freezing rate. For a given ion species and freezing rate it is a function of all im purity species present in solution, their concentrations, and the shape and surface structure of the phase boundary. Typical values of distribution coefficients for ionic solutes in ice range from 10 -5 to 10 -3 . Traceinorganics are the cause of specific electrochemical phenomena at the phase boundary of growing ice; these are the freezing potential and the preferential incorporation into the solid phase of certain ions over others. The physical and chemical properties of the phases are more or less deeply affected by such interface processes. These processes raise fundamental questions concerning the mechanisms by which solute ions are incorporated into the ice structure and what their positions and effects are once they get there. This paper proposes to review these phenomena, the experimental evidence available, and the theories that have been formulated to account for them. A major difficulty in the critical evaluation of the data is their great sensitivity to the experimental conditions, which are difficult to define completely in most instances.

show abstract

Section: Convection-governed Impurity Distribution With Uniform Freezsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…No satisfactory account has yet been given of the observations on ammonium fluoride ice. Ammonium fluoride is very soluble in ice (99,162), close to 10% by weight (>~ 2.7M). Brill (10) attributes this to the similarities in shape and polar groups of the two molecules.…”

Section: Letters Subscriptsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Effects of Trace Inorganics on the Ice/Water System

Gross

1968

Trace Inorganics in Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…MIs having a higher solubility in ice such as NH 4 + and Cl (Feibelman, ; Hobbs, ) showed less mobility most likely due to incorporation into the crystal interior during snow metamorphism. They can be incorporated either by substituting water molecules located on lattice sites of the ice crystal (Zaromb & Brill, ) or by occupying interstitial spaces of the crystal structure (Petrenko & Whitworth, ). On the other hand, Ca 2+ and SO 4 2− were enriched on ice crystal surfaces with progressing snow metamorphism (Figure ); explaining their availability for mobilization with meltwater.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melt‐Induced Fractionation of Major Ions and Trace Elements in an Alpine Snowpack

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Understanding the impact of melting on the preservation of atmospheric compounds in high-Alpine snow and glacier ice is crucial for future reconstruction of past atmospheric conditions. However, detailed studies investigating melt-related changes of such proxy information are rare. Here we present a series of five snow pit profiles of 6 major ions and 34 trace elements at Weissfluhjoch, Switzerland, collected between January and June 2017. Atmospheric composition was preserved during the cold season, while melting toward the summer resulted in preferential loss of certain species from the snowpack or enrichment at the base of the snowpack. Increasing mobilization of major ions with meltwater) can be related to their stronger enrichment at ice crystal surfaces during snow metamorphism. Results for trace elements show that less abundant elements such as Ce, Eu, La, Mo, Nd, Pb, Pr, Sb, Sc, Sm, U, and W were best preserved and may still serve as tracers to reconstruct past natural and anthropogenic atmospheric emissions from melt-affected snow pit and ice core records. The obtained elution behavior matches the findings from another high-Alpine site (upper Grenzgletscher) for major ions and the large majority of investigated trace elements. Both studies indicate that water solubility and location at the microscopic scale are likely to determine the relocation behavior with meltwater and also suggest that the observed species-dependent preservation from melting snow and ice is representative for the Alpine region, reflecting Central European atmospheric aerosol composition.

show abstract

“…The mechanical properties of solids rarely correspond with those pred icated on a perfect lattice structure (29,55,164) . Imperfections in the crys tal lattice must be accounted for as precisely as the ordered structure.…”

Section: Molecular Effects Of Freezingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Near 0° C where patterns of association between water and cellular components are not greatly affected, micro redistribution may cause injury by affecting concentration of reactants. Rates of chemical reactions are af fected by freezing (16,164) . Protein denaturation as a result of increased solute concentration has been suggested frequently.…”

Section: The Model Used By N Emethy and Scheraga Is That Proposed By Frmentioning

confidence: 99%