Solid State Electrochromic Devices of Plasma Modified WO₃Hybrids

Abstract

Electrochromic (EC) properties of tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) was improved with preparing hybrids of tungsten trioxide−titanium dioxide (WO 3 −TiO 2 ) and tungsten trioxide−poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (WO 3 −PEDOT) by a rotating capacitively coupled radio frequency (rf 13.56 MHz) plasma reactor. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mapping results indicated that TiO 2 and PEDOT were coated homogeneously onto the surface of the WO 3 powders. Thin films of hybrid powders have been prepared by the physical vapor deposition method of the electron beam evaporation technique. Redox potentials, optical contrast at 700 nm, and durability during 2000 cycles of EC devices were investigated, comparatively. Hybrids of WO 3 indicated excellent coloration efficiency (cm 2 C −1 ) and switching speed values compared with untreated WO 3 . The coloration efficiency values were found to be 85.88 and 41.61 cm 2 C −1 of WO 3 −TiO 2 and WO 3 −PEDOT, respectively. The switching speed of WO 3 (13.3 s, from bleached state to colored state) increased to 1.4 s for WO 3 −TiO 2 .

Plasma Modified V2O5/PEDOT Hybrid Based Flexible Electrochromic Devices

“…The color switching time depends on the diffusion rates of the Li + intercalation/ deintercalation. Therefore, their movement rate depends on the surface like surface area, effect of dopants, crystallinity [20]. In present study, counter electrode as MoO 3 [31].…”

“…The modification of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and polypyrole (PPy) was indicated the homogenously and controlling coatings and better properties by using fast, versatile, and environmentally friendly RF-rotating plasma process [19]. Kiristi et al coated poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) onto WO 3 powders by RF rotating plasma and obtained good stability and coloration efficiency for hybrid ECD on glass substrate [20].…”

Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment of wool fabric structures

“…The amount of S content increased after plasma deposition as a result of decreasing ratio of C/S from 15.57 to 10.73. This indicates the formation of PEDOT on wool fabric [44].…”

High‐performance Flexible Complementary Electrochromic Device Based on Plasma Modified WO3Nano Hybrids and V2O5Nanofilm with Low Operation Voltages

“…), metal hybrides, organometallics (Prussian Blue and its analogues), organic materials (viologens, etc. ), polymers (PEDOT (Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)) were used as electrochromic materials . WO 3 displays outstanding reversible color change, coloration efficiency and electrochromic stability among transition metal oxides .…”