Solid state nanofibers based on self-assemblies: from cleaving from self-assemblies to multilevel hierarchical constructs

Abstract

Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Ikkala, O., Ras, R. H. A., Houbenov, N., Ruokolainen, J., Paakko, M., Laine, J., ... Lindström, T. (2009). Solid state nanofibers based on self-assemblies: from cleaving from self-assemblies to multilevel hierarchical constructs. Faraday Discussions, 143, 95-107. DOI: 10.1039/b905204f Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons).Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Self-assemblies and their hierarchies are useful to construct soft materials with structures at different length scales and to tune the materials properties for various functions. Here we address routes for solid nanofibers based on different forms of self-assemblies. On the other hand, we discuss rational ''bottom-up'' routes for multi-level hierarchical self-assembled constructs, with the aim of learning more about design principles for competing interactions and packing frustrations. Here we use the triblock copolypeptide poly(L-lysine)-b-poly(gbenzyl-L-glutamate)-b-poly(L-lysine) complexed with 2 0 -deoxyguanosine 5 0 -monophosphate. Supramolecular disks (G-quartets) stabilized by metal cations are formed and their columnar assembly leads to a packing frustration with the cylindrical packing of helical poly(g-benzyl-L-glutamate), which we suggest is important in controlling the lateral dimensions of the nanofibers. We foresee routes for functionalities by selecting different metal cations within the G-quartets. On the other hand, we discuss nanofibers that are cleaved from bulk self-assemblies in a ''top-down'' manner. After a short introduction based on cleaving nanofibers from diblock copolymeric self-assemblies, we focus on native cellulose nanofibers, as cleaved from plant cell wall fibers, which are expected to have feasible mechanical properties and to be templates for functional nanomaterials. Long nanofibers with 5-20 nm lateral dimensions can be cleaved within an aqueous medium to allow hydrogels and water can be removed to allow highly porous, lightweight, and flexible aerogels. We further describe inorganic/

Cellulose‐Rich Nanofiber‐Based Functional Nanoarchitectures

“…Simply, the polymer chains assemble into fibrils by multiple hydrogen bonds between them, and the fibrils are further grouped to realize well‐organized hierarchical microfibers. The natural fibrous cellulose‐rich matters are generally from plant cell walls, and their structures and components are dependent on the sources and cleaving methods adopted . The cellulose‐rich fibers possess a hierarchical structure ranging from the cellulose crystal, fibrils (square cross‐section 4–8 nm), fibril aggregates (square cross‐section ca.…”

Soft nanotechnology: “structure”vs.“function”

“…(v) Polymers-as expected for molecules at the border between ''molecular'' and ''nano''-were components of many discussions, including those of Piñol 36 (structures formed from block copolymers), Hayes 37 (self-healing structures) and Ikkala 38 (fibrils).…”

“…(vi) Synthesis of molecules and aggregates showed the continuing skill of chemists in connecting atoms-both covalently and non-covalently-in new ways. Discussions including an important component of synthetic methods were those of Huskens 39 (templated molecular recognition), Mao 35 (DNA-based synthesis), Ikkala 38 (hierarchical self-assembly), Woolfson 40 (synthesis exploiting alpha-helices), Aida 41 (templated self-assembly), and van Esch 42 (self-assembly based on orthogonal interactions).…”

Defining a strain‐induced time constant for oriented low shear‐induced structuring in high consistency MFC/NFC‐filler composite suspensions

“…Under static or low shear conditions, gel structures may exhibit very different rheological behaviour depending on the mechanism of gelation . In the case of high aspect ratio rod‐like particulate nanofibrillated cellulose, a similar water trapping mechanism constructs the gel, and the application of strain under low shear for continued periods can lead to structure ensemble orientation .…”