Solid-state NMR and EPR analysis of carbon-doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts (TiO2−xCx)

Reyes-García, Enrique A.; Sun, Yanping; Reyes-Gil, Karla R.; Raftery, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.ssnmr.2009.02.004

Cited by 66 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…458.8 eV and the second one at 464.5 eV, both typical of Ti 4+ in TiO 2 [31]. The absence of shoulders at lower energy points to a negligible contribution of sub-stoichiometric titanium dioxide (TiO 2−x ) or of Ti-OH surface groups [32][33][34]. This is also confirmed by the O/Ti ratio greater than 2 ( Table 2).…”

Section: Xps Analysismentioning

confidence: 57%

Flame-Made Cu/TiO2 and Cu-Pt/TiO2 Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production

et al. 2017

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The effect of Cu or Cu-Pt nanoparticles in TiO 2 photocatalysts prepared by flame spray pyrolysis in one step was investigated in hydrogen production from methanol photo-steam reforming. Two series of titanium dioxide photocatalysts were prepared, containing either (i) Cu nanoparticles (0.05-0.5 wt%) or (ii) both Cu (0 to 0.5 wt%) and Pt (0.5 wt%) nanoparticles. In addition, three photocatalysts obtained either by grafting copper and/or by depositing platinum by wet methods on flame-made TiO 2 were also investigated. High hydrogen production rates were attained with copper-containing photocatalysts, though their photoactivity decreased with increasing Cu loading, whereas the photocatalysts containing both Cu and Pt nanoparticles exhibit a bell-shaped photoactivity trend with increasing copper content, the highest hydrogen production rate being attained with the photocatalyst containing 0.05 wt% Cu.

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Section: Xps Analysismentioning

confidence: 57%

Flame-Made Cu/TiO2 and Cu-Pt/TiO2 Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production

et al. 2017

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“…The UV–vis spectra are displayed in Figure S5 (Supporting Information). A rapid increase of a large band in the visible range is observed in the irradiated BAPO/TiOx (whatever the nature of TiOx; between 400 and 500 nm; the samples have a bright yellow color: such a behavior was observed in the synthesis of carbon‐ and nitrogen‐doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts . On the contrary, this large band is less important in the photolysis of TiOx alone under argon.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A rapid increase of a large band in the visible range is observed in the irradiated BAPO/TiOx (whatever the nature of TiOx; between 400 and 500 nm; the samples have a bright yellow color: such a behavior was observed in the synthesis of carbon-and nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts. [ 69,70 ] On the contrary, this large band is less important in the photolysis of TiOx alone under argon. All these results confi rm that i) benzoyl or phosphinoyl radicals have an interaction with TiOx and ii) oxygen plays a key role.…”

Section: Mechanistic Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Steady-state ESR experiments have been carried out in BAPO/TiOx in toluene under air ( Figure 5 ): the strong single signal at g ≈ 2.004 is characteristic of paramagnetic materials containing ''F-centers'' [ 69 ] (similar ESR signals attributed to "F-centers" have been previously observed in pure TiO 2 ( g = 2.0034, [ 71 ] 2.003, [ 72 ] 2.004 [ 73 ] and C-doped TiO 2 [ 74 ] materials; these trapped electron sat or near oxygen vacancies (the F-center) determine the visible light activity of anatase titania because they provide an unique energy level, which corresponds to a visible light excitation. [ 75 ] Such a signal is not observed upon irradiation of BAPO alone or TiOx alone.…”

Section: Esr Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxygen-Mediated Reactions in Photopolymerizable Radical Thin Films: Application to Simultaneous Photocuring Under Air and Nanoparticle Formation

Lalevée

Bourgon

Poupart

et al. 2015

Macromol. Chem. Phys.

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Titanium propoxide, titanium isopropoxide, and titanium (triethanolaminato) isopropoxide are proposed as high‐performance additives to overcome the oxygen inhibition effects in the free radical photopolymerization of a low‐viscosity monomer thin film, under air and upon a low‐intensity UV light activation. Indeed, when added to a Type I photoinitiator such as bis(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)‐phenylphosphine oxide (BAPO), noticeably higher conversions are achieved under air (48% vs. 30%). The in situ formation of Ti‐based nanoparticles is also observed. The photochemical properties of these types of Ti‐based compounds as well as their interaction with BAPO are investigated by steady‐state photolysis and electron spin resonance. Molecular orbital calculations give an interesting insight into the possible reactions. A chemical mechanism is also proposed.

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“…[24] Thes ame peak broadening effect along with am inor binding energy shift is also seen in the XPS spectra of O1 s( Figure S10). [26] TheEPR intensity increases from M-800 to M-1100 revealing that treatment at higher temperature can induce higher concentration of OVsi nt he M-Ts. They are not resolved and essentially indicate an isotropic line shape,which is in line with Ti 3+ centers being possibly present in C-Ti x O y .…”

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confidence: 94%

Enhanced Electrocatalytic N₂ Reduction via Partial Anion Substitution in Titanium Oxide–Carbon Composites

et al. 2019

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The electrochemical conversion of N 2 at ambient conditions using renewably generated electricity is an attractive approach for sustainable ammonia (NH 3 )p roduction. Considering the chemical inertness of N 2 ,r ational design of efficient and stable catalysts is required. Therefore,i nt his work, it is demonstrated that aC -doped TiO 2 /C (C-Ti x O y /C) material derived from the metal-organic framework (MOF) MIL-125(Ti) can achieve ah igh Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 17.8 %, which even surpasses most of the established noble metal-based catalysts.O nt he basis of the experimental results and theoretical calculations,t he remarkable properties of the catalysts can be attributed to the doping of carbon atoms into oxygen vacancies (OVs) and the formation of Ti À Cb onds in C-Ti x O y .This binding motive is found to be energetically more favorable for N 2 activation compared to the non-substituted OVsi nT iO 2 .T his work elucidates that electrochemical N 2 reduction reaction (NRR) performance can be largely improved by creating catalytically active centers through rational substitution of anions into metal oxides.Asexpressed by its annual worldwide production exceeding 145 million tons,N H 3 plays an extremely important role in agricultural fertilizers,fuels,ashydrogen carrier and in many other fields. [1] Thei ndustrially applied Haber-Bosch process suffers from the need for high temperature and pressure.

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Solid-state NMR and EPR analysis of carbon-doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts (TiO2−xCx)

Cited by 66 publications

References 78 publications

Flame-Made Cu/TiO2 and Cu-Pt/TiO2 Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production

Flame-Made Cu/TiO2 and Cu-Pt/TiO2 Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production

Oxygen-Mediated Reactions in Photopolymerizable Radical Thin Films: Application to Simultaneous Photocuring Under Air and Nanoparticle Formation

Enhanced Electrocatalytic N₂ Reduction via Partial Anion Substitution in Titanium Oxide–Carbon Composites

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Solid-state NMR and EPR analysis of carbon-doped titanium dioxide photocatalysts (TiO2−xCx)

Cited by 66 publications

References 78 publications

Flame-Made Cu/TiO2 and Cu-Pt/TiO2 Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production

Flame-Made Cu/TiO2 and Cu-Pt/TiO2 Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Production

Oxygen-Mediated Reactions in Photopolymerizable Radical Thin Films: Application to Simultaneous Photocuring Under Air and Nanoparticle Formation

Enhanced Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction via Partial Anion Substitution in Titanium Oxide–Carbon Composites

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Enhanced Electrocatalytic N₂ Reduction via Partial Anion Substitution in Titanium Oxide–Carbon Composites