Solid State Optical Microlasers Fabrication via Microfluidic Channels

Manzo, Maurizio; Cavazos, Omar

doi:10.3390/opt1010007

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

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“…From the vast droplet microfluidic system characteristics, the isolation of tuned micro-compartments in volume is probably one of the main distinguishing features. The formation of droplets based in microfluidic technology (microdroplets) has become a very useful tool for a wide branch of applications, from the analysis of target samples [6] through multistep chemical and biological assay, the separation of encapsulated components [7], the hydrodynamic study of biphasic flows [8] to the generation and application of microlasers [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic system manufacturing by direct laser writing for the generation and characterization of microdroplets

Álvarez-Martínez¹,

Medina-Cázares²,

Alcaraz³

et al. 2022

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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This work contributes to the development of microfluidics devices in a simpler way and by keeping the cost of microfabrication as low as possible. Implementing methods to develop microfluidic devices and to have control over the channel size rapidly and easily have become a challenge. In the present work, direct laser writing (DLW) is proposed as a manufacturing technique to develop a T-junction microfluidic droplet generator operating in the squeezing regime. Owing to the channel size, DLW depends on both the focused laser spot properties and the interface material refractive indices. The Debye-Wolf theory behind this technique predicts the focal shift of the laser spot to avoid optical misalignment during the fabrication process. The Debye-Wolf theory and the COMSOL ray-tracing module are presented as complementary design tools. The flow rates and the channel sizes were investigated under the two-phase COMSOL module. Experimental droplet generation results were assisted with the solution of the Navier-Stokes equation with appropriate boundary conditions. Microdroplet size characterization, as well as simulations, show a linear tendency with the flow rate ratios (FRR). For FRR ranging from 0.25 to 2, droplet lengths from ∼ 320μm to ∼ 1050μm were observed. This information is confirmed by implementing a digital image processing protocol. The dynamics of droplets formation, strongly influenced by the input flow rate fluctuations caused by the syringes and micropump operation, are presented. This protocol aims the full control of these devices to perform potential applications, such as particle insulators, drug delivery, fluidic microlasers, among others.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic system manufacturing by direct laser writing for the generation and characterization of microdroplets

Álvarez-Martínez¹,

Medina-Cázares²,

Alcaraz³

et al. 2022

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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Embedded Spherical Microlasers for In Vivo Diagnostic Biomechanical Performances

Manzo

Cavazos

Ramírez-Cedillo

et al. 2020

Journal of Engineering and Science in Medical Diagnostics and Therapy

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In this paper, we propose to use spherical microlasers which can be attached to the surface of bones for in vivo strain monitoring applications. The sensing element is made with a mixture of polymers namely PEGDA-700 and Thiocure TMPMP mixed at 4:1 ratio in volume doped with rhodamine 6G laser dye. Solid state microlasers are fabricated by curing droplets from the liquid mixture with UV light. The sensing principle relies on the morphology dependent resonances (MDRs); any changes in the strain of the bone causes a shift of the optical resonances, which can be monitored. The bone is made of a simulated cortical bone fabricated with photopolymer resin via additive manufacturing process. The path light within the resonator is found perpendicular to the bone axis and slightly tilted. Therefore, the sensor measures, thorough Poisson effect, the strain due to bending. Two experiments are conducted: i) negative bone deflection (loading) and positive bone deflection (unloading) for a strain range from 0 to 2.35 x 10-3 m/m. Sensitivity values are ~19.489 nm/? and 19.660 nm/? for loading and unloading experiments respectively (less than 1% percentage error). In addition, the resolution of the sensor is 1x10-3 e (m/m) and the maximum range is 11.58x10-3 e (m/m). The quality factor of the microlaser is maintaining about constant (order of magnitude 104) during the experiments. This sensor can be used when bone location accessibility is problematic.

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Au nanoparticle concentration study in hybrid plasmonic microlasers

Manzo

2021

Appl. Opt.

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In this paper, the concentration effects of Au nanoparticles placed in dye-doped polymeric spherical microlasers are investigated. The microlasers (average diameter of ∼ 293 µ m ) are made with a mixture of UV curable polymer named Norland Blocking Adhesive (NBA) and Rhodamine 6 G. Four different ratios (between the Au nanoparticles and the NBA solutions) are investigated here, namely, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 ratios. The Au nanoparticles (size of ∼ 5 n m ) are randomly scattered within the microlaser. The light is collected via a multimode optical fiber, ending to a spectrometer/CCD camera. It is found that the 3000 ratio case exhibited the lowest energy threshold value and the highest photonic emission slope. The 4000 ratio (lowest concentration) exhibited a behavior that was very similar to a microlasers with no Au particles. In terms of longevity of the laser modes, the 3000 ratio case exhibited the most stable emission, although the laser mode disappeared at an earlier time. The emission of the 2000 ratio case dropped drastically after a few seconds but increased after that before dropping again; in this case, the TE and TM laser modes were found to be in competition with each other due to the partial overlapping of the plasmonic emission with some of the resonant cavity modes and due to the thermal expansion effect. The quality factor was found to be of the same order of magnitude for all cases ( ∼ 10 4 ). Ultimately, this work allows us to select the optimum microlaser’s configuration in terms of Au nanoparticle concentration as well as laser mode emission and longevity for different mechanical and biomedical sensing applications.

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Solid State Optical Microlasers Fabrication via Microfluidic Channels

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Microfluidic system manufacturing by direct laser writing for the generation and characterization of microdroplets

Microfluidic system manufacturing by direct laser writing for the generation and characterization of microdroplets

Embedded Spherical Microlasers for In Vivo Diagnostic Biomechanical Performances

Au nanoparticle concentration study in hybrid plasmonic microlasers

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