Solid-state synthesis of nano-sized Ba(Ti1−x Sn x )O3 powders and dielectric properties of corresponding ceramics

Enhanced electrocaloric and energy-storage properties of environment-friendly ferroelectric Ba0.9Sr0.1Ti1−xSnxO3 ceramics

“…Finally, it should be noted that no pronounced relaxor behavior is detected for our compositions. Indeed, significant B site doping strengthens the relaxor behavior [41]. However, in our case, the Sn amount added into the BST lattice is insufficient to induce relaxor behavior, which is consistent with some studies in the literature [42].…”

Structural, microstructure, optical, and electrical properties of Ti-doped CaSnO3 prepared by Sol-Gel chemical route

“…The activation energy required to migrate oxygen vacancies is approx. 1 eV discussed in literature on various undoped or doped perovskites oxides [63,68,69], which ruled out conduction of oxygen vacancy in samples. In this case, the lower value of the activation energy reflects that the conduction in these samples was mainly governed by the transfer of electron between mixed valence states of Sn 4+ /Sn 2+ and Ti 4+ /Ti 3+ /Ti 2+ ions at octahedral corners [44,68].…”

“…Theses value indicated that Pr for sample CSO5 is 10-times higher than CSO0 due to smaller grain size of CSO5 than CSO0. Since the polarization process for a ferroelectric sample is more complicated in a smaller grain than large grain [68]. One more thing has been observed that the ratio (Ps/Pr) found to be 5.73 for CSO0 and 1.65 for CSO5, which indicated that the polarization reversibility is better in CSO5 than CSO0.…”

Synthesis and investigation of structural, morphological and dielectric properties of Ba‐ordered BaTiO3 perovskite oxide

“…2 Adjusting material properties including polarization response, loss mechanisms, electro-mechanical responses, Curie temperature and permittivity stability, [3][4][5] is a common scientific practice. 1,6,7 The substitution of either homo-or heterovalent cations at B-site results in the conversion of FE to diffuse phase transition (DPT), as reported in previous studies. 1,[8][9][10] Due to the development of strong local fields, the effective charge of the dopant and the chargecompensating defect are anticipated to have a significant impact.…”

“…The ferroelectric behaviour of BT arises from the extended correlation of Ti‐ion displacements, which can be modified through the introduction of chemical substitutions at perovskite lattice sites 2 . Adjusting material properties including polarization response, loss mechanisms, electro‐mechanical responses, Curie temperature and permittivity stability, 3‐5 is a common scientific practice 1,6,7 …”