Solid-state synthesis of tungsten carbide from tungsten oxide and carbon, and its catalysis by nickel

Rees, Eric; Brady, C.D.A.; Burstein, G.T.

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2007.04.088

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, this compound is easily susceptible to change into tungsten carbide in high carbon content. Thus, it is hard to produce this compound with CNFs while carbonizing and preserving the WO 3‐x structure 183 . A novel strategy to introduce WO 3‐x into an electrospun CNFs in a controlled manner was studied by Chen et al, 184 where the WO 3‐x continued to increase with the rise of tungsten precursor but still minimizes the formation of carbide.…”

Section: Fibrous Materials As Electrochemical Catalysts In Fuel Cell Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview on the development of nanofiber‐based as polymer electrolyte membrane and electrocatalyst in fuel cell application

Yusoff

Shaari

2021

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Fuel cell technology has matured, and much emphasis has been placed on commercialization efforts for these systems, whether for stationary or portable applications. Several factors influence commercialization success, including the use of strong, durable, and cost‐effective material technology. The two most important components in a fuel cell are the catalyst and proton exchange membrane. In addition, some crucial characteristics need to be possessed: high catalytic activity, high surface area, high proton conductivity, low fuel permeability, and increased stability chemical, mechanical, and thermal. The following properties will require the development of catalysts and membranes in the nano‐scale structure. Nanofiber is a unique nanostructure that has been investigated in fuel cell technology to produce the catalyst and proton exchange membrane. The electrospinning technique has gained prominence to fabricate nanofibers because of its ease to use, simplicity, and wide range of applications. Thus, the main objective of this review is to provide an overview of the electrospinning process by explaining the operating principle, parameters influencing the electrospinning technique, and application of nanofibers in the fuel cell, specifically for the fabrication of electrolyte electrospun nanofiber membranes and fibrous materials as an electrochemical catalyst in fuel cell applications. This review also discusses the benefits of the investigated nanofiber materials and the challenges and prospects of the electrospinning technique in a fuel cell.

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Section: Fibrous Materials As Electrochemical Catalysts In Fuel Cell Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview on the development of nanofiber‐based as polymer electrolyte membrane and electrocatalyst in fuel cell application

Yusoff

Shaari

2021

Int J Energy Res

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“…The study suggested that as the percent of precursor increased in the electrospinning solution, the HER activity increased in 0.5 M H2SO4 solutions, and with 30% of metal precursor the Tafel slope, this was found to be 89 Tungsten dioxide (WO 2 ) or trioxide (WO 3 ) or suboxides (WO 3-x ) are known to have high metallic conductivity, and these are among the lucrative options in transition metal oxide groups [102]. However, they are prone to transform into tungsten carbide in high carbon concentration, and hence it is very difficult to synthesize them with CNFs, while carbonizing and yet retaining the suboxide structure [103]. Chen et al (2016) [104] had demonstrated a novel technique to incorporate WO 3-x in a controlled manner on the electrospun CNFs, where with the increment of tungsten precursor, the suboxide tended to increase, reducing the carbide formation.…”

Section: Cnf Supported Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun CNF Supported Ceramics as Electrochemical Catalysts for Water Splitting and Fuel Cell: A Review

Verma

Sinha-Ray

2020

Polymers

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With the per capita growth of energy demand, there is a significant need for alternative and sustainable energy resources. Efficient electrochemical catalysis will play an important role in sustaining that need, and nanomaterials will play a crucial role, owing to their high surface area to volume ratio. Electrospun nanofiber is one of the most promising alternatives for producing such nanostructures. A section of key nano-electrocatalysts comprise of transition metals (TMs) and their derivatives, like oxides, sulfides, phosphides and carbides, etc., as well as their 1D composites with carbonaceous elements, like carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofiber (CNF), to utilize the fruits of TMs’ electronic structure, their inherent catalytic capability and the carbon counterparts’ stability, and electrical conductivity. In this work, we will discuss about such TM derivatives, mostly TM-based ceramics, grown on the CNF substrates via electrospinning. We will discuss about manufacturing methods, and their electrochemical catalysis performances in regards to energy conversion processes, dealing mostly with water splitting, the metal–air battery fuel cell, etc. This review will help to understand the recent evolution, challenges and future scopes related to electrospun transition metal derivative-based CNFs as electrocatalysts.

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“…Furthermore, a catalyst may also reduce reaction temperature, energy cost and air pollution. Rees et al [8] and Liu et al [9] successfully synthesized tungsten carbide and silicon carbide using catalytic method, respectively, but catalytic synthesis of calcium carbide has not yet been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of potassium carbonate on catalytic synthesis of calcium carbide at moderate temperature

Shi

Qiao

Zhang

2011

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

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Calcium carbide was successfully synthesized by carbothermal reduction of lime with coke at 1973 K for 1.5 h. The effect of potassium carbonate as additive on the composition and morphology of the product was investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Addition of potassium carbonate increased the yield of calcium carbide. The sample in the presence of potassium carbonate generated acetylene gas of 168.3 L/ kg, which was 10% higher than that in the absence of potassium carbonate. This result confirmed the catalytic effect of potassium carbonate on the synthesis of calcium carbide. A possible mechanism of the above effects was that the additive, which was melted at the reduction temperature, dissolved CaO and so promoted the contact between CaO and carbon, which was essential for the solid-solid reaction to form calcium carbide.

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Solid-state synthesis of tungsten carbide from tungsten oxide and carbon, and its catalysis by nickel

Cited by 37 publications

References 8 publications

An overview on the development of nanofiber‐based as polymer electrolyte membrane and electrocatalyst in fuel cell application

An overview on the development of nanofiber‐based as polymer electrolyte membrane and electrocatalyst in fuel cell application

Electrospun CNF Supported Ceramics as Electrochemical Catalysts for Water Splitting and Fuel Cell: A Review

Effect of potassium carbonate on catalytic synthesis of calcium carbide at moderate temperature

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