“…51 Finally, the contribution at 519.7 eV can be related to V-OH when moisture is in the sample. 52,53 Fig. 3C shows the XPS spectrum of O 1s, which can be converted into 5 peaks at binding energies of 529.5 eV, 530.4 eV, 531.34 eV, 532.33 eV, and 533.43 eV.…”