Solid Surfaces, Their Structure and Composition

Klauber, C.; Smart, Roger St. C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-05227-3_1

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 69 publications

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“…EDX analysis is sometimes referred to as EDS or EDAX analysis. This is the technique used for identifying the elemental composition of the specimen or an area of interest [22].…”

Section: Energy Dispersive (Edx) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological investigations and mineralogical characterization of the Awreith Gol Lead-Antimony Deposit, Chitral, Pakistan

Ghani,

Ahmad

2023

Min. miner. depos.

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Purpose. The importance of mineralogical characterization for complex ore deposits is continuously increasing due to the increasing demand for minerals worldwide. The proper mineral characterization needs to be carried out for selecting appropriate processing technology for the beneficiation of complex ore in order to efficiently obtain ore concentrate according to the market demand. The purpose of this study is to carry out a detail mineral characterization of the complex lead-antimony ore deposit of Chitral, Pakistan, necessary for selecting the most appropriate processing technology and designing a mineral processing plant. Methods. In this research, a preliminary study was conducted on representative samples of complex lead-antimony ore deposits of the Awreith Gol area in Chitral, Pakistan to investigate and characterize the deposit prior to beneficiation, as well as to determine the processing potential of the deposit and to make a further decision on a suitable beneficiation technology. In this regard, thin section of complex ore representative samples was studied using a Scanning Electron Microscope for ore morphology analysis, EDX for chemical composition analysis, and X-ray fluorescence spectrometer analysis. Findings. The ore deposit of the studied area is mainly composed of sedimentary rocks and intrusions of igneous rocks with varying degrees of metamorphism. Geologically, the area is characterized by the Paleozoic-Mesozoic sequence of North Karakorum system and volcano-sedimentary series. The study of mineral characteristics confirms that galena and stibnite are ore minerals containing lead 48.01% and antimony 15.43%. Originality. The geological characteristics of the studied area have been explored. The studied ore consists of lead, antimony, stibnite and galena. The mineral characterization results have revealed that these metals can be extracted economically by selecting an appropriate mineral processing technology. Practical implications. Mineralogical study of the mineral, combined with the chemical analysis of the ore, confirms that the lead-antimony complex ore of Chitral deposit can be beneficiated using relatively cheap gravity separation technology.

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“…EDX analysis is sometimes referred to as EDS or EDAX analysis. This is the technique used for identifying the elemental composition of the specimen or an area of interest [22].…”

Section: Energy Dispersive (Edx) Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological investigations and mineralogical characterization of the Awreith Gol Lead-Antimony Deposit, Chitral, Pakistan

Ghani,

Ahmad

2023

Min. miner. depos.

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Benchmarking Heterogeneous Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

McCrory¹,

Jung²,

Peters³

et al. 2013

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Objective evaluation of the activity of electrocatalysts for water oxidation is of fundamental importance for the development of promising energy conversion technologies including integrated solar water-splitting devices, water electrolyzers, and Li-air batteries. However, current methods employed to evaluate oxygen-evolving catalysts are not standardized, making it difficult to compare the activity and stability of these materials. We report a protocol for evaluating the activity, stability, and Faradaic efficiency of electrodeposited oxygen-evolving electrocatalysts. In particular, we focus on methods for determining electrochemically active surface area and measuring electrocatalytic activity and stability under conditions relevant to an integrated solar water-splitting device. Our primary figure of merit is the overpotential required to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm −2 per geometric area, approximately the current density expected for a 10% efficient solar-to-fuels conversion device. Utilizing the aforementioned surface area measurements, one can determine electrocatalyst turnover frequencies. The reported protocol was used to examine the oxygen-evolution activity of the following systems in acidic and alkaline solutions: CoO x , CoPi, CoFeO x , NiO x , NiCeO x , NiCoO x , NiCuO x , NiFeO x , and NiLaO x . The oxygen-evolving activity of an electrodeposited IrO x catalyst was also investigated for comparison. Two general observations are made from comparing the catalytic performance of the OER catalysts investigated:(1) in alkaline solution, every non-noble metal system achieved 10 mA cm −2 current densities at similar operating overpotentials between 0.35 and 0.43 V, and (2) every system but IrO x was unstable under oxidative conditions in acidic solutions.

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Benchmarking Hydrogen Evolving Reaction and Oxygen Evolving Reaction Electrocatalysts for Solar Water Splitting Devices

McCrory¹,

Jung²,

Ferrer³

et al. 2015

J. Am. Chem. Soc.

3,449

2,958

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Section S1: Materials and Electrolysis Cell Design Materials. Materials were purchased in the grade indicated and used as received. Ammonium carbonate ((NH4)2CO3, 99.999%), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl. BioUltra), ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, BioUltra), ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4, 99.999%), ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4, 99.999%), ammonium tetrathiomolybdate ((NH4)[MoS4], 99.97%), boric acid (H3BO3, BioUltra), chromium(III) sulfate monohydrate (Cr2(SO4)3•H2O, 99.999%), cobalt(II) acetate tetrahydrate (Co(OAc)2•4H2O, 99.999%), cobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2•6H2O, ACS 98%), cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO3)2•6H2O, 99.999%), copper(II) sulfate heptahydrate (CuSO4•5H2O, 99.995%), glycine (NH2CH2COOH, BioUltra), iridium(III) acetylacetonate (Ir(acac)3, 97%), iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2•4H2O, 99.99%), iron(III) chloride heptahydrate (FeCl3•6H2O, ACS 97%), iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3)3•9H2O, 99.99%), iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4•7H2O, ACS 99%), manganese(II) sulfate hydrate (MnSO4•H2O, 99.99%), nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2•6 H2O, 99.999%), nickel(II) sulfate hexahydrate (NiSO4•6H2O, 99.99%),nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate (

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Solid Surfaces, Their Structure and Composition

Cited by 3 publications

References 69 publications

Geological investigations and mineralogical characterization of the Awreith Gol Lead-Antimony Deposit, Chitral, Pakistan

Geological investigations and mineralogical characterization of the Awreith Gol Lead-Antimony Deposit, Chitral, Pakistan

Benchmarking Heterogeneous Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Benchmarking Hydrogen Evolving Reaction and Oxygen Evolving Reaction Electrocatalysts for Solar Water Splitting Devices

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