Solid Waste-level Rise on Atoll Nation States: A Less Publicised Environmental Issue in the Republic of Kiribati

Carden, Yale R.

doi:10.1080/14486563.2003.10648571

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Subsistence agriculture provides food for most families, but the sparse and widely distributed islands provide few natural resources. Human solid waste is contaminating the limited freshwater and the nation is expected to be submerged by rising ocean waters within the century should climate change continue unabated [126,127]. Residents must buy special garbage bags for non-organic waste, yet only about 38% of waste is collected, while 35% is dumped illegally into the sea or lagoons.…”

Section: Kiribatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Black Soldier Fly Production for Pacific Small Island Developing States

Shelomi¹

2020

Animals

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Organic waste such as food waste and livestock manure is a serious concern in the Pacific Islands, where landfills are overflowing and illegal dumping of waste threatens the fragile ecosystems. Organic waste also attracts filth flies, some of which are vectors for pathogens that cause human disease. The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, has tremendous potential for the Pacific Islands. Capable of digesting almost any organic matter and converting it into insect biomass, black soldier flies are already being used around the world to process organic waste into larvae. The system can be adapted to large-scale municipal composting as well as small sizes for individual livestock farms or even urban households. The larvae can be fed live to fish or poultry, processed into feed comparable to fishmeal or soy meal, or even used to generate biofuel. Thus, the fly not only eliminates waste, but also can improve the sustainability of livestock production. The Pacific Small Island Developing States stand to benefit immensely from black soldier fly bioconversion facilities, used primarily as a means to compost organic waste; however, several knowledge gaps must first be addressed. We reviewed the state of black soldier flies in the Pacific and identified where their use shows the most promise. Research priorities for the field include fly surveys and bioconversion assays using Pacific crop waste.

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Section: Kiribatimentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Black Soldier Fly Production for Pacific Small Island Developing States

Shelomi¹

2020

Animals

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“…Finance was cited as a challenge by several papers, with some describing inadequate financing of WaSH (Carden 2003) and need for cost recovery, water pricing and issues of willingness to pay (Keen 2003;Kumar 2010;Storey & Hunter 2010), as well as insufficient investment in maintenance of facilities (Wohlfahrt & Kukyuwa 1982;Keen 2003).…”

Section: Management and Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Papers discussing the link between freshwater lenses and WaSH focused on excessive or inappropriate methods of water extraction (Ghassemi et al 1990;Griggs & Peterson 1993;Koda et al 2013), climate change (Storey & Hunter 2010;Terry & Falkland 2010;Nakada et al 2012), drought (Terry et al 2001;White et al 2007;) and saline intrusion (Ghassemi et al 1990;Griggs & Peterson 1993;Koda et al 2013). Given Environmental pollution, especially from sanitation (Duwig et al 1998;Wen 2011;Fujita et al 2013) and solid waste management (Carden 2003), received some attention in the literature. Bottomless septic tanks and pit toilets have been implicated in faecal pollution (Fujita et al 2013;Fujita et al 2014), although 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 there was little research on the environmental impacts of open defecati...…”

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first was the importance of considering context, also mentioned in the Emergency WaSH and intervention strategies section. This included the need to harmonize governance and management approaches with local socio-cultural factors (Carden 2003;White et al 2008;Wutich et al 2012), the importance of understanding water and resources ownership customs and conflicts (Keen 2003;Storey & Hunter 2010;Wutich et al 2012), the value of integrating indigenous knowledge and values with best practices (Smith Jr 2008), and the need for locally-appropriate sustainable technologies (South et al 2004;Smith Jr 2008).…”

Section: Management and Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ten articles described approaches or tools that managers could use to improve management and governance of WaSH, including a framework to consider the gender outcomes of WaSH programs (Carden 2003), models to integrate various aspects of urban water (Poustie & Deletic 2014), participatory modelling approaches to evaluate likely success or failure of projects (Moglia et al 2008(Moglia et al , 2012 and participatory approaches to support community riskbased water management (Smith Jr 2009;Chan et al 2010;Hasan et al 2011). Hoverman et al (2011) described social learning processes that engage community members in water management and integrate the knowledge of all stakeholders.…”

Section: Management and Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and thematic trends in water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) research in Pacific Island Countries: a systematic review

MacDonald

Chan

Elliott

et al. 2017

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development

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Pacific Island Countries (PICs) lag behind global trends in water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) development. We conducted a systematic search of all English language papers (published before February 2015) about WaSH in PICs to evaluate the state of the peer-reviewed literature and explore thematic findings. A total of 121 papers met the criteria for full-text review following an initial search result of more than 6000 papers. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality and relevance of each article and consolidated their findings according to four emergent themes: public health, environment, emergency response and interventions, and management and governance. Findings indicate a knowledge gap in evidence-guided WaSH management strategies that advocate for human health while concurrently protecting and preserving drinking water resources. Extreme weather events threaten the quantity and quality of limited freshwater resources, and cultural factors that are unique to PICs present challenges to hygiene and sanitation. This review highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the peer-reviewed literature on WaSH in PICs, addresses spatial and temporal publication trends, and suggests areas in need of further research to help PICs meet development goals.

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Human Mobility and Disasters in Pacific and Caribbean Small Island Developing States

Yamamoto

Esteban

2021

The World of Small States

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Solid Waste-level Rise on Atoll Nation States: A Less Publicised Environmental Issue in the Republic of Kiribati

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Potential of Black Soldier Fly Production for Pacific Small Island Developing States

Potential of Black Soldier Fly Production for Pacific Small Island Developing States

Temporal and thematic trends in water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) research in Pacific Island Countries: a systematic review

Human Mobility and Disasters in Pacific and Caribbean Small Island Developing States

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