Parameters of the narrow gap gas metal arc welding (NG-GMAW) method are complex and strongly coupled, which can easily cause welding defects, such as poor sidewall fusion, overlap, gas pore and slag inclusion. So parameter optimization of NG-GMAW is very difficult. The common experimental analysis method is complex, especially take a long time and cost. In this paper, the simulation analysis method is used to analyse NG-GMAW welding process. After the analysis of the NG-GMAW welding mechanism, the dynamic simulation model of the rotating arc NG-GMAW welding process is established firstly. Then, the influence of key process parameters on the welding quality is analysed in detail, which include the rotation angular velocity, rotation angular amplitude, wire feed speed, welding speed, sidewall stay time and so on. The simulation and analysis results illustrate the role and influence of the above parameters. In short, this paper provides a flexible and efficient method for the analysis and optimization of NG-GMAW welding process parameters to discover new phenomena, improve efficiency and save cost.