Solidification Cracking Susceptibility of the Weld Metal of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel

Park, Soyoung; Yongjoon, Kang; dong-jin, Oh; Song, Sangwoo; Hocheng, H.

doi:10.5781/jwj.2021.39.1.5

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Moreover, the weld with STS 308L filler mostly consisted of the FCC phase, and the BCC peaks were frequently observed at 44.4°, 64.4°, and 81.9° in the weld. The weld of STS normally contains a small amount of δ-ferrite to prevent solidification cracking during welding [8-13]. The CoCrFeMnNi HEA filler reduced the BCC peak in the weld, and our previous study reported the single phase of FCC for the HEA weld using the STS 308L filler [34].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, LNG is stored at high pressure and it is constantly loaded and unloaded, and the fatigue properties should be considered significantly. However, the welds of STS involve some δ-ferrite, which is used to prevent solidification cracking during welding [8][9][10][11][12][13]. An increasing δ-ferrite content is known to have a deleterious effect on the tensile and fracture resistance of the weld metal (WM) at cryogenic temperatures [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gas tungsten arc weldability of stainless steel 304 using CoCrFeMnNi filler metals for cryogenic applications

Nam

Moon

Park³

et al. 2022

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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This study investigates the gas tungsten arc (GTA) weldability of austenitic stainless steel (STS) 304 using STS 308L and high-entropy alloy (HEA) fillers and its applicability in cryogenic environments. Because the grain sizes of both weld metals (WMs) were coarser than those of base metal (BM), and all WMs have a few phase transformations, the tensile properties of all WMs were worse than that of the BM. However, the tensile strength and elongation of HEA weld at 77 K increased simultaneously than those at 298 K, whereas the elongation of STS 308L weld decreased at 77 K than that at 298 K. All WMs exhibited excellent tensile strengths at 77 K, attributable to martensite transformations and deformation twins, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas tungsten arc weldability of stainless steel 304 using CoCrFeMnNi filler metals for cryogenic applications

Nam

Moon

Park³

et al. 2022

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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“…Fatigue is the most dominant type of failure in offshore structures. Th has two parts, namely crack initiation and crack propagation [44][45][46]. In analysis, the crack was defined as a region of completely damaged materia between the damage variables and the number of cycles to failure was defin tion as follows:…”

Section: Crack Initiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fatigue is the most dominant type of failure in offshore structures. The fatigue crack has two parts, namely crack initiation and crack propagation [44][45][46]. In the 3D fatigue analysis, the crack was defined as a region of completely damaged material.…”

Section: Crack Initiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue Life and Crack Initiation in Monopile Foundation by Fatigue FE Analysis

et al. 2023

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The construction of new renewable energy infrastructures and the development of new ocean resources continues to proceed apace. In this regard, the increasing size and capacity of offshore wind turbines demands that the size of their accompanying supporting marine structures likewise increase. The types of marine structures utilized for these offshore applications include gravity base, monopile, jacket, and tripod structures. Of these four types, monopile structures are widely used, given that they are comparatively easy to construct and more economical than other structures. However, constant exposure to harsh cyclic environmental loads can cause material deterioration or the initiation of fatigue cracks, which can then lead to catastrophic failures. In this paper, a 3D fatigue finite element analysis was performed to predict both the fatigue life and the crack initiation of a welded monopile substructure. The whole analysis was undertaken in three steps. First, a 3D non-steady heat conduction analysis was used to calculate the thermal history. Second, a thermal load was induced, as an input in 3D elastoplastic analysis, in order to determine welding residual stresses and welding deformation. Finally, the plastic strain and residual stress were used as inputs in a 3D fatigue FE analysis in order to calculate fatigue crack initiation and fatigue life. The 3D fatigue finite element analysis was based on continuum damage mechanics (CDM) and elastoplastic constitutive equations. The results obtained from the 3D fatigue finite element analysis were compared with hot spot stresses and Det Norske Veritas (DNV-GL) standards.

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“…Iron-chromium (Fe-Cr) alloys with excellent creep strength and heat resistance are in the spotlight as materials that can replace austenitic stainless steel [13,14]. To utilize Fe-Cr alloys as nuclear materials, many studies have been conducted on the addition and content control of alloying elements, such as Cr, Si, Al, and Mo [15,16], including evaluating their weldability [17,18]. In addition, studies on the evaluation of microstructure behavior and mechanical properties of Fe-Cr-based alloys according to heat input have been published [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Laser Traverse Speed on the Metallurgical Properties of Fe-Cr-Si Clads for Austenitic Stainless Steel Using Directed Energy Deposition

Hwang

Kim

et al. 2022

Crystals

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This study investigated the microstructural and compositional behavior of Fe-Cr-Si clads produced in stainless steel (STS) 316 L with a decreased laser traverse speed using directed energy deposition (DED). The substrate of all specimens was mostly composed of austenite, while the clad region consisted of the δ-ferrite, martensite, and a small amount of retained austenite. The reduced heat input by increasing the laser traverse speed resulted in decreased dilution of the Ni component and the substrate’s unmixed zone, resulting in a gradual decrease (16−1%) in the face-centered cubic (FCC: austenite) phase of the clad region. In addition, in the clad region composed of body-centered cubic (BCC), the fraction of martensite decreased, but the fraction of the δ-ferrite increased by decreasing the heat input. The reason for this was that dense martensite was formed in the entire clad region owing to a sufficient cooling rate for phase transformation and dilution of the Ni component in the 12 mm/s specimen with the highest heat input. Therefore, to predict the corrosion and wear characteristics of the Fe-Cr-Si multilayer clad manufactured in STS316L, the formation of martensite by the dilution of the Ni component should be sufficiently considered.

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Solidification Cracking Susceptibility of the Weld Metal of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Gas tungsten arc weldability of stainless steel 304 using CoCrFeMnNi filler metals for cryogenic applications

Gas tungsten arc weldability of stainless steel 304 using CoCrFeMnNi filler metals for cryogenic applications

Fatigue Life and Crack Initiation in Monopile Foundation by Fatigue FE Analysis

Effect of Laser Traverse Speed on the Metallurgical Properties of Fe-Cr-Si Clads for Austenitic Stainless Steel Using Directed Energy Deposition

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