Solidification of hot real radioactive liquid scintillator waste using cement–clay composite

Bayoumi, T.A.; Saleh, Hosam M.; Eskander, S.B.

doi:10.1007/s00706-013-1065-9

Cited by 41 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…New products can be designed that are inherently safer, while highly effective for the target application. For example, the direct incorporation of radioactive spent liquid scintillation waste into cement combined with clay materials is considered an added value in the immobilization of the hazardous organic wastes in very cheap materials and natural clay to produce a safe stabilized product easy for handling, transformation, and disposal [15,16].…”

Section: Design Safer Chemicals and Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introductory Chapter: Principles of Green Chemistry

Saleh¹,

Koller²

2018

Green Chemistry

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Section: Design Safer Chemicals and Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introductory Chapter: Principles of Green Chemistry

Saleh¹,

Koller²

2018

Green Chemistry

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“…Polymers also were impregnated with cement to increase the durability and reduce the porosity of cement, producing favorable composite suitable for many applications and resistive to various aggressive conditions [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Natural additives such as clay were mixed progressively with cement to treat the retardation property of organic solvent with cement [16,17].…”

Section: Cement Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introductory Chapter: Properties and Applications of Cement- Based Materials

Saleh¹,

Rahman²

2018

Cement Based Materials

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Cement-based materials have been used to support human civilizations many decades ago. With the increasing advancement of human activities, these materials were modified to maintain their roles in our lives. The main function of cement is to act as hydraulic binder, which increases the bond between fragmented particles, so it can enable their use in different fields. The resulted material will have different physical and mechanical properties from the initial materials. These changed properties are attributed to the exothermic hydration reactions that are initiated upon mixing the binder with water. The liberated localized heat will lead irreversible rearrangement of water molecules within the framework microstructure [1-3]. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is the most widely used cement. It is prepared by crushing, milling, and mixing calcium, iron, silica, alumina, and sulfate sources with certain amounts. Then, hydraulic cement is passed to the kiln to produce clinker, which is subsequently cooled and pulverized. Portland cement is categorized into eight subgroups according to the ASTM C150, namely normal (type I), moderate sulfate resistance (type II), high early strength (type III), low heat of hydration (type IV), high sulfate resistance (type V), normal, moderate sulfate resistance, and high early resistance with air entraining (types IA, IIA, IIIA), respectively [4]. There are four principal unhydrated phases present in all OPC types, namely tricalcium silicate (Ca 3 SiO 5), dicalcium silicate (Ca 2 SiO 4), tricalcium aluminate (Ca 3 Al 2 O 5), and calcium aluminoferrite (Ca 4 Al n Fe 2-n O 7). The formula of each of these minerals can be broken down into the basic calcium, silicon, aluminum, and iron oxides (Table 1). Cement chemists use abbreviated nomenclature based on oxides of various elements to indicate chemical formulae of relevant species, that is, C = CaO, S = SiO 2 ,A=A l 2 O 3 , and F = Fe 2 O 3. Hence, traditional cement nomenclature abbreviates each oxide as shown in Table 1 [1].

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“…The objective of this option is to prevent radiological hazard by isolating the waste for sufficient periods that allow the decay and limit release of short-and long-lived radionuclides, respectively [2,12,13]. To reach this end point, the wastes should be subjected to volume reduction (pre-treatment, and treatment), conditioning, and disposal in engineered facility [1,2,12,[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Figure 2 illustrates an example of radioactive waste management scheme, and all the activities performed within the scheme should be complementary.…”

Section: Nuclear Waste Management Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introductory Chapter: Safety Aspects in Nuclear Engineering

Rahman¹,

Saleh²

2018

Principles and Applications in Nuclear Engineering - Radiation Effects, Thermal Hydraulics, Radionuclide Migration in the Envir

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Research efforts that support the nuclear industry, as in any other industry, could be classified based on the maturity of the technology either commercial or innovative. These efforts are directed to improve the performance of the first class, whereas they aim at getting the second class into wide scale commercial applications [3]. Nuclear engineering research areas that cover the four identified industrial outputs could be listed as follows:

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Solidification of hot real radioactive liquid scintillator waste using cement–clay composite

Cited by 41 publications

References 13 publications

Introductory Chapter: Principles of Green Chemistry

Introductory Chapter: Principles of Green Chemistry

Introductory Chapter: Properties and Applications of Cement- Based Materials

Introductory Chapter: Safety Aspects in Nuclear Engineering

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