Solitary and Social Aspects of Restoration in Nature

Korpela, Kalevi; Staats, Henk

doi:10.1002/9781119576457.ch23

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…79 Understanding of the relationships in question will gain from studies that are explicitly multilevel, taking into account person-place congruence. For example, scenario-based experimentation has illustrated how appreciation for a single possible visit – walking in a forest 131 or sitting in a park 132 – depends upon both current levels of cognitive fatigue (i.e., a need for restoration that varies within a person across time) and whether the person would be alone or in the company of a friend (also see 42 ). Understanding should also improve with studies that apply longitudinal designs, as exemplified by the one longitudinal cohort in our review, which could identify determinants of the incidence of loneliness, including green space opportunities which a person could have taken advantage of over a period of years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Green space and loneliness: a systematic review with theoretical and methodological guidance for future research

Astell-Burt

Hartig

Putra³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Urban greening may help to reduce the population health impacts of loneliness and its concomitants, such as hopelessness and despair. However, the literature lacks both a critical appraisal of extant evidence and a conceptual model to explain how green space would work as a structural intervention. Both are needed to guide decision making and further research. We conducted a systematic review of quantitative studies testing associations between green space and loneliness, searching seven databases. Twenty two studies were identified by 25/01/2022. Most of the studies were conducted in high-income countries and fifteen (68%) had cross-sectional designs. Green space was measured inconsistently using either objective or subjective indicators. Few studies examined specific green space types or qualities. The majority of studies measured general loneliness (e.g. using the UCLA loneliness scale). Different types of loneliness (social, emotional, existential) were not analysed. Of 132 associations, 88 (66.6%) indicated potential protection from green space against loneliness, with 44 (33.3%) reaching statistical significance (p<0.05). We integrated these findings with evidence from qualitative studies to elaborate and extend the existing pathway domain model linking green space and health. These elaborations and extensions acknowledge the following: (a) different types of green space have implications for different types of loneliness; (b) multilevel circumstances influence the likelihood a person will benefit or suffer harm from green space; (c) personal, relational, and collective processes operate within different domains of pathways linking green space with loneliness and its concomitants; (d) loneliness and its concomitants are explicitly positioned as mediators within the broader causal system that links green space with health and wellbeing. This review and model provide guidance for decision making and further epidemiological research on green space and loneliness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous qualitative studies 37–41 and theoretical contributions 42 43 indicate multiple potential pathways by which green space may reduce loneliness, both in general and in people with particular life circumstances. However, there is currently no model coherently weaving together these rich seams of scholarship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green space and loneliness: a systematic review with theoretical and methodological guidance for future research

Astell-Burt

Hartig

Putra³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The results from the few studies that have studied the social context of restoration show that social support and the company of others can be conducive to restoration (Korpela & Staats, 2021). In particular, having company while visiting a natural environment may help a person to feel safe, both physically and psychologically.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, having company while visiting a natural environment may help a person to feel safe, both physically and psychologically. The negative effects of social company involve distracting attention away from the physical environment or disrespect of the environment by others (Korpela & Staats, 2021). These negative effects were taken into consideration and addressed if necessary, during FWN treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiles of Depression and Restoration in Nature-Based Group Therapy

et al. 2023

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Objective: This study focuses on a nature-based group treatment (Flow with Nature treatment, FWN) for working-age adults diagnosed with clinical depression. We searched for different subgroups of depression and restoration levels to see who, in particular, benefits from FWN treatment. Method:In total, 108 people participated in the study at various locations in Finland. The participants were 44.8 years old on average (range = 19-64), and most were female (81.5%). We used Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) to identify different profiles of level and change in depression and restoration in the participants of FWN treatment to investigate who particularly benefits from it. Results: We found three different profiles of depression level and observed a significant reduction of depression scores in the group with the lowest depression level. In addition, two different profiles of restoration were identified and depression symptoms were significantly alleviated in the group with higher restoration, whereas no such change was observed in the group with lower restoration. Conclusions: FWN can be especially beneficial as a low-threshold treatment for mild depression in addition to treatment-asusual. Furthermore, the results suggest it is advisable to purposively support restoration by naturebased treatments for depression.

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“…Theorists have pointed to potentially positive functions of solitude that can be conducive to well-being. For example, one important reason people seek out solitude is restoration (Korpela & Staats, 2021). By devoting time to themselves, individuals can engage in regulative activities (e.g.…”

Section: Solitude and Emotional Well-being In Times Of Extended Toget...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Having time to oneself in times of extended togetherness: Solitude experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Choi

Pauly

Garza

et al. 2022

Applied Psych Health & Well

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This study investigated how time to oneself (solitude) is experienced under conditions of extended togetherness with household members during the pandemic. Both structural (living arrangements) and qualitative characteristics (relationship quality and conflict) were examined for their association with solitude desire and daily solitude–affect links. We expected that people living with others and those with more high‐quality as well as those with more conflictual relationships would report better affect quality when experiencing solitude. A Canadian adult lifespan sample (N = 141; Mage = 38.43 years, SDage = 17.51; 81% female; 73% White; data collected from April to August 2020) provided information on household size and relationship characteristics and completed repeated daily life assessments of solitude desire, solitude, and affect. Findings show that living arrangements were not associated with an increased desire for solitude or better affect quality from solitude. Individuals reporting higher relationship quality and individuals reporting more conflict showed more favorable affect quality on days when they had time in solitude than individuals reporting lower quality relationships and lower conflict. Findings add to the growing solitude literature by delineating who seeks and benefits from solitude, and under what conditions.

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Solitary and Social Aspects of Restoration in Nature

Cited by 6 publications

References 80 publications

Green space and loneliness: a systematic review with theoretical and methodological guidance for future research

Green space and loneliness: a systematic review with theoretical and methodological guidance for future research

Profiles of Depression and Restoration in Nature-Based Group Therapy

Having time to oneself in times of extended togetherness: Solitude experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic

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