Solitary Dermal Leiomyosarcomas in 12 Ferrets

Mikaelian, Igor; Garner, Michael M.

doi:10.1177/104063870201400316

Cited by 21 publications

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“…Although it has been reported infrequently in dogs, cats, ferrets, and monkeys [2,3,6,14,16], there have been no reports in laboratory animals. The cutaneous or subcutaneous development of this tumor usually occurs on the head or neck as a solitary dermal mass in animals, and metastasis is uncommon [6,14].…”

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“…In addition, there are no previous reports of cutaneous leiomyosarcoma in laboratory animals, including hamsters. Reports of smooth muscle tumors of the skin and subcutis are also extremely rare in domestic animals, and most of those few tumors were benign [6,14,16]. To date, only a small number of cutaneous or subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma cases have been documented in dogs, cats, ferrets, cows, and monkeys [2,3,6,8,14].…”

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Primary Subcutaneous Leiomyosarcoma of the Hamster Hind Leg

Kim

Yoon

2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. We report the first case of a primary subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma that originated in the hind leg of a hamster and metastasized to the bone marrow, lung and diaphragm. A 10-month-old female Syrian golden hamster was presented with a large, firm, white subcutaneous mass in the right hind leg. The tumor invaded into the bone marrow and small nodules were also present in the lung and diaphragm; however, no tumor masses were found in the visceral organs. Histologically, the tumors were spindle cell sarcomas, composed of densely packed pleomorphic spindle cells with oval to elongate nuclei and moderate amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin, desmin, and smooth muscle actin, but negative for α-sarcomeric actin and S-100. Thus, the diagnosis was primary leiomyosarcoma of the hind leg with metastasis to the bone marrow, lung and diaphragm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of spontaneous primary subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma of the hind leg with distant metastasis in laboratory animals. KEY WORDS: hamster, hind leg, subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 70(5): 517-520, 2008 Leiomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor of smooth muscle origin, characterized by broad interlacing fascicles of spindle-shaped neoplastic cells with elongate nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Leiomyosarcoma also shows malignant phenotypes such as pleomorphism, invasion, a relatively high mitotic index, necrosis, and metastasis [6]. This smooth muscle cell tumor may occur at any site in the body, because smooth muscle cells are widely distributed in every tissue and organ. Visceral organs, especially the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, and genital tract, have been shown to be relatively common sites for spontaneous leiomyosarcoma in domestic and experimental animals [5,10,12,13,15,18,21]. Leiomyosarcoma rarely occurs in other organs; only a few cases of leiomyosarcoma in the oral cavity, esophagus, and urinary bladder have been reported in domestic animals and mice [4,6,11,15,17].Cutaneous or subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma is extremely rare in animals. Although it has been reported infrequently in dogs, cats, ferrets, and monkeys [2,3,6,14,16], there have been no reports in laboratory animals. The cutaneous or subcutaneous development of this tumor usually occurs on the head or neck as a solitary dermal mass in animals, and metastasis is uncommon [6,14].In the present study, we describe a case of primary leiomyosarcoma in the hind leg of a hamster, which metastasized to the bone marrow, lung and diaphragm.The 10-month-old female Syrian golden hamster presented in this study was housed at the animal facility of Kangwon National University and had been used for breeding. The hamster exhibited ataxia and behavioral coordination failure as a result of a large mass in the right hind leg.The hamster was sacrificed under ether anesthesia, and necropsy revealed a firm, whitish, large mass, measuring 50 × 50 mm, in the subcutaneous region of the hind leg, surr...

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Primary Subcutaneous Leiomyosarcoma of the Hamster Hind Leg

Kim

Yoon

2008

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…LEIOMYOSARCOMAS of the skin and subcutis are extremely rare; however, subcutaneous leiomyosarcomas have been reported in a cow and a Peruvian squirrel monkey ( Saimiri sciureus ) (Brunnert and others 1990, Hanzaike and others 1995), a dermal intravascular leiomyosarcoma has been reported in an adult cat (Jacobsen and Valentine 2000) and a solitary dermal leiomyosarcoma has been found in ferrets (Mikaelian and Garner 2002). The diagnosis of a leiomyosarcoma may be made on the basis of features of smooth muscle differentiation when a tumour sample is viewed through a light microscope (Cooper and Valentine 2002).…”

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Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma in a pigeon

Movassaghi

Sardari

2008

Veterinary Record

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“…On the contrary, cutaneous neoplasms of smooth muscular origin were less common in this study [3, 11]. …”

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Neoplastic diseases in the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) in Italy: classification and tissue distribution of 856 cases (2000–2010)

Avallone

Forlani²,

Tecilla

et al. 2016

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and tissue distribution of neoplasms in Italian ferrets, compared to the epidemiological data previously reported in USA and Japan.MethodsSignalment and diagnoses of pathological submissions received between 2000 and 2010 were searched; cases with the diagnosis of neoplasm were selected and original sections reviewed to confirm the diagnosis.ResultsNine-hundred and ten samples were retrieved, 690 of which included at least one tumour for a total of 856 tumours. Ferrets with multiple neoplasms were 134 (19.4%). Median age was 5 years, and F/M ratio was 0.99. Endocrine neoplasms were the most common. Other frequent tumours were cutaneous mast cell tumours, sebaceous tumours, and lymphomas. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) were consistently associated with sebaceous tumours. Twenty-four abdominal spindle cell tumours with an undefined origin were observed. Lymphomas and islet cell tumours had a lower incidence compared with previous extra-European studies.DiscussionEpidemiological information on ferret tumours derives from extra-European countries, mostly USA and Japan. In these countries similar distributions with minor discrepancies have been reported. Compared to previous reports, adrenal tumours were more frequent than pancreatic islet cell neoplasms, and a higher number of mesenchymal neoplasms arising from the adrenal capsule was noted. An unusual association between SCC and sebaceous gland neoplasms and a high number of intrabdominal spindle cell neoplasms with unclear primary origin were noted and grants further investigation.ConclusionsThe tissue distribution of tumours recorded in this study paralleled previous findings in ferrets from USA and Japan. Some differences have been noted in the frequency of lymphoma, adrenal mesenchymal tumours and cutaneous tumours. Some tumours that are among the most common in other species seem to be uncommon in ferrets and are characterized by distinctive predilection sites.

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Solitary Dermal Leiomyosarcomas in 12 Ferrets

Cited by 21 publications

References 10 publications

Primary Subcutaneous Leiomyosarcoma of the Hamster Hind Leg

Primary Subcutaneous Leiomyosarcoma of the Hamster Hind Leg

Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma in a pigeon

Neoplastic diseases in the domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) in Italy: classification and tissue distribution of 856 cases (2000–2010)

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