Solitary tracheal B-cell lymphoma in an adult alpaca (Vicugna pacos)

Marchionatti, Emma; Vekens, Elke Van der; Peters, Laureen M.; Kaiponen, Taina S.; Veiga, Inês Berenguer; Zanolari, Patrik

doi:10.1186/s12917-020-02640-9

Cited by 4 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Descriptions of the use of prednisolone in the camelid medical literature are sparse. Historical reports describe prednisolone for chemotherapy of lymphosarcoma or lymphoma (23,24). Anti-inflammatory doses are used for management of soft tissue injury from causes such as cerebrospinal nematodiasis and rattlesnake envenomation (25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Future directions for prednisonolone in alpacas include pharmacodynamic studies. One key area for further pharmacodynamic investigation is the use of prednisolone for anti-neoplastic therapy, considering the alpaca's role as a primarily companion animal, and the propensity of older alpacas to develop cancer (24,38,39). Additional research is needed to elucidate the effects that body condition could have on the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone in alpacas, as overconditioning (increased body fat percentage) in some species, such as cats, is associated with higher serum concentrations (40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Prednisolone in Alpacas

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone following intravenous and oral administration in healthy adult alpacas. Healthy adult alpacas were given prednisolone (IV, n = 4), as well as orally (PO, n = 6). Prednisolone was administered IV once (1 mg/kg). Oral administration was once daily for 5 days (2 mg/kg). Each treatment was separated by a minimum 4 month washout period. Samples were collected at 0 (pre-administration), 0.083, 0.167, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after IV administration, and at 0 (pre-administration), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 after the first and 5th PO administration. Samples were also taken for serial complete blood count and biochemistry analysis. Prednisolone concentration was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were then determined. After IV administration clearance was 347 mL/kg/hr, elimination half-life was 2.98 h, and area under the curve was 2,940 h*ng/mL. After initial and fifth oral administration elimination half-life was 5.27 and 5.39 h; maximum concentration was 74 and 68 ng/mL; time to maximum concentration was 2.67 and 2.33 h; and area under the curve was 713 and 660 hr*ng/mL. Oral bioavailability was determined to be 13.7%. Packed cell volume, hemoglobin, and red blood cell counts were significantly decreased 5 days after the first PO administration, and serum glucose was significantly elevated 5 days after the first PO administration. In conclusion, serum concentrations of prednisolone after IV and PO administration appear to be similar to other veterinary species. Future research will be needed to determine the pharmacodynamics of prednisolone in alpacas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Prednisolone in Alpacas

et al. 2021

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“…The report by Valentine et al reports only 12.5% of all neoplastic cases being lymphoma (5 out of 40 cases), and it was the third most common tumor following fibromas/fibropapillomas/fibrosarcomas and squamous cell carcinomas (3). In the published cases, lymphoma generally presented widely disseminated with rare reports of cutaneous and solitary masses (5,43,59). Phenotyping by immunohistochemistry in 63 of these cases identified 24 B cell (38%), 28 T cell (44%), 1 mixed T and B cell, and 13 (20.6%) as non-B, non-T cell lymphoma (43,(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59).…”

Section: Literature Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the published cases, lymphoma generally presented widely disseminated with rare reports of cutaneous and solitary masses (5,43,59). Phenotyping by immunohistochemistry in 63 of these cases identified 24 B cell (38%), 28 T cell (44%), 1 mixed T and B cell, and 13 (20.6%) as non-B, non-T cell lymphoma (43,(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59).…”

Section: Literature Casesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neoplasia and Proliferative Lesions of New World Camelids: A Systematic Literature Review and Retrospective Study of Cases Submitted to Colorado State University From 1995 to 2020

et al. 2021

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Camelid pathology submissions to veterinary diagnostic laboratories are on the rise given the increasing popularity and population of llamas and alpacas especially in the western United States. When compared to other animals, the field of camelid neoplasia has a relative paucity of cases reported in the literature. The Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories (CSU-VDL) has had a steady increase in the numbers of camelid pathology submissions allowing for a robust review of diagnoses of neoplasia in new world camelids. Here we present a retrospective analysis of camelid neoplastic and proliferative lesions diagnosed at the CSU-VDL from 1995 to 2020, followed by an extensive literature review. Results show increasing incidence of camelid neoplasia reported in the literature, therefore becoming a common diagnosis in llamas and alpacas. Proliferative and neoplastic lesions were diagnosed in 8.8% of new world camelid submissions to CSU-VDL with the most common tumors being lymphomas, squamous cell carcinomas, fibromas, and adenocarcinomas. Risk factors are female sex and increased age except in the case of lymphoma, which tends to occur in younger camelids. Lymphomas, melanomas, and adenocarcinomas (especially of gastrointestinal tract) carry an increased risk of multiple-organ system involvement often with widespread metastases. Conditions described in camelids for the first time include osteosarcoma, cutaneous hemangiosarcoma, myxosarcoma, pilomatricoma, ovarian theca cell tumor, congenital nevus with malignant transformation, and various other neoplasia. This article will provide an operational guide for camelid neoplasia to further assist veterinary laboratory diagnosticians, researchers, and practicing veterinarians in the field of camelid medicine and pathology.

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“…In literature, a difference in the age of alpacas (2 years of age and less) and llamas (5–7 years) is described suffering from lymphomas [ 1 , 4 , 7 – 10 ]. Marchionatti et al [ 11 ] reported a similar case of a solitary tracheal lymphoma in an adult alpaca. This alpacas was also referred for dyspnoea and inspiratory noise and a clinical examination, endoscopy, ultrasound, radiographs and computed tomography was performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T-cell-lymphoma presented as a solitary subcutaneous mass in the ventral cervical region of an adult llama- diagnostic and treatment

et al. 2022

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Background Neoplasm in South American camelids (SAC) are commonly described. The most frequently reported type of neoplasm are lymphomas and difference in the age suffering from lymphomas of and llamas is seen. This report describes a case of a solitary lymphoma in a 5 years and 9 month old llama mare displaying the approach of diagnostic imaging and successful surgical treatment. Case presentation The llama was referred to the clinic for dyspnoea and inspiratory abnormal respiratory sounds. The clinical examination comprised blood cell count, ultrasonographic and radiographic examinations, endoscopy and fine needle aspiration cytology of a mass detected in the mid cervical region. The mass was surgically removed. Histopathological examination of the surgically removed mass diagnosed a malignant T-cell- lymphoma. According to the results of the clinical, ultrasonographic and radiographic examinations no tumor invasion was apparent in distant organs and the llama was discharged from the clinic seven days after surgery. Conclusion Lymphoma has been reported to be the most common neoplasia in camelids and are more often described in young alpacas and in adult llamas. To the author´s knowledge the case presented here is the first that described a broad panel of diagnostic tools including ultrasound, radiographs, endoscopy, fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathoogical examination as well as a successful surgical treatment of a solitary lymphoma in camelids.

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Solitary tracheal B-cell lymphoma in an adult alpaca (Vicugna pacos)

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Prednisolone in Alpacas

Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Prednisolone in Alpacas

Neoplasia and Proliferative Lesions of New World Camelids: A Systematic Literature Review and Retrospective Study of Cases Submitted to Colorado State University From 1995 to 2020

T-cell-lymphoma presented as a solitary subcutaneous mass in the ventral cervical region of an adult llama- diagnostic and treatment

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