Soliton rains with isolated solitons induced by acoustic waves in a nonlinear multimodal interference-based fiber laser

Abstract

We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate soliton rains with isolated solitons and soliton bunches in a passively mode-locked fiber laser, using a mode-locker based on a nonlinear multimodal interference technique. The isolated solitons are captured at the moments of integer multiples of 21 ns and 33 ns, which correspond to the acoustic modes in TR2m and R0m branches. The theory of nonlinear fiber optics is used to characterize the mechanism of capturing isolated solitons. The modal delay induced by the multimode fiber gives a revealing insight into the loss of capacity to capture and transition from soliton rains to bunches. Our study introduces a new way to precisely control the behaviors of multi-solitons and provides a potential tool for understanding complex nonlinear dynamics.

Dual-comb soliton rains based on polarization multiplexing in a single-walled carbon nanotube mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser

“…In the passively mode-locked EDF laser based on a graphene SA, the generation and transformation of noiselike pulses and soliton rain were observed [23] . Through nonlinear multimode interference technology, the soliton rain with isolated solitons and soliton bunches in a passively mode-locked fiber laser was demonstrated experimentally and theoretically [24] . To the best of our knowledge, most of the characterizations of soliton rain are concentrated in the single-pulse state, and the research on the characterization of soliton rain in the dual-comb pulse state is still very rare.…”

Untitled

“…The interplay among multiple solitons can give rise to a variety of pulse dynamics based on different mechanisms. Multiple pulse operation is a commonly observed regime, and several interesting phenomena have been reported in the 1 and 1.5 μm bands, including noise-like pulses [8] , soliton molecules [9,10] , and soliton rain [11] . Bound solitons, known as one typical family member of multiple solitons existing in fiber lasers, were initially proposed in the 1990s in theory based on the nonlinear Schrödinger and complex Ginzburg-Landau equations [12][13][14][15] .…”

Generation and observation of multiple solitons from a mid-infrared ultrafast fiber laser

“…The interplay among multiple solitons can give rise to a variety of pulse dynamics based on different mechanisms. Multiple pulse operation is a commonly observed regime, and several interesting phenomena have been reported in the 1 and 1.5 μm bands, including noise-like pulses [8] , soliton molecules [9,10] , and soliton rain [11] . Bound solitons, known as one typical family member of multiple solitons existing in fiber lasers, were initially proposed in the 1990s in theory based on the nonlinear Schrödinger and complex Ginzburg-Landau equations [12][13][14][15] .…”