“…As a development of the Deift-Zhou nonlinear steepest descent method, a powerful tool called the ¶-steepest descent method was first proposed by Mclaughlin and miller to analyze the asymptotic behaviors of orthogonal polynomials [10,11]. Later, this method was successfully used to analyze the long-time behaviors of solutions to integrable nonlinear wave equations, such as the focusing NLS equation [12,13], the defocusing NLS equation [14,15], the derivative NLS equation [16], the mKdV equation [17,18], the fifth-order mKdV equation [19], the complex short pulse equation [20], the modified Camassa-Holm equation [21], the Novikov equation [22], etc.…”