“…One half spin corresponds to the two possible positions of the proton in the double-well potential along the O-O bond (hydrogen bond). This potential is a consequence of the interaction [46][47][48] for the spin operators in terms of the bosonic operators a † n , a n , which satisfy the usual Bose commutation relations. At a sufficiently low-temperature limit, the ground-state expectation value of a † n a n is small compared to 2S and n, therefore we can use the semi-classical expansions as where ε = 1/ √ S and, using (2), dimension-less Hamiltonian (1) can be written in a power series of ε, as Hamiltonian (3) characterizes the low-energy non-linear property of hydrogen-bonded chains in an oblique electric field.…”