Solubilities, Densities, and Refractive Indices in the Salt-Water Ternary System (LiCl + LiBO₂ + H₂O) at T = 288.15 K and 298.15 K and p = 0.1 MPa

Abstract

Solubilities, densities, and refractive indices for the salt-water ternary system (LiCl + LiBO 2 + H 2 O) at T = 288.15 K and 298.15 K and p = 0.1 MPa were determined using the isothermal dissolution equilibrium method. According to the experimental data at two temperatures, the phase diagrams and the diagrams of densities and refractive indices versus lithium chloride composition in the solution were plotted, respectively. In the phase diagrams at 288.15 K and 298.15 K, in all there are three crystallizing regions corresponding to lithium metaborate octahydrate (LiBO 2 ·8H 2 O, Lb8), lithium metaborate dihydrate (LiBO 2 ·2H 2 O, Lb2), and lithium chloride monohydrate (LiCl·H 2 O, Lc1), three univariant curves and two invariant points corresponding to (Lb8 + Lb2) and (Lb2 + Lc1). It was found that there are two kinds of hydrates for lithium metaborates (Lb8 and Lb2) formed at both termperatures, and the hydrate for lithium metaborate belongs to hydrate type II. Neither double salts nor solid solutions were found. A comparison of the phase diagrams at two temperatures shows that the areas of the crystalline regions of Lb8 and Lc1 are decreased and that of Lb2 is increased with increasing temperature. The density and refractive index in the ternary system at two temperatures change regularly with the increasing LiCl mass fraction in the solution to reach the maximum values in the ternary-invariant-point. The correlation equations of density and refractive index were used, and the calculated results agree well with the experimental data.

Exploring Chemistry in Microcompartments Using Guided Droplet Collisions in a Branched Quadrupole Trap Coupled to a Single Droplet, Paper Spray Mass Spectrometer

“…Additionally, the far field image contains interference fringes from Mie scattering with distinct maxima and minima. The angular spacing of these fringes, the wavelength of scattered light (532 nm) and the refractive index of the droplet (1.36 for the ~3 M LiCl droplets) 33 are used with the geometrical optics approximation to 143 determine the radius of the droplet. 34 An additional 355-nm laser (JDS Uniphase) is introduced coaxially with the 532 nm laser and is used to excite fluorescence in the confined droplet.…”

Phase Equilibria on the Reciprocal Quaternary System K+, Rb+ // Cl–, and Borate–H2O at T = 323.2 K and p = 94.77 kPa

“…The seven-component system Li + , Na + , K + , Rb + , Mg 2+ // Cl – , and borate–H 2 O can be used to describe the composition in the Pingluo underground brine. Until now, some phase equilibria of subsystems related to the above mentioned complex system have been done: ternary systems, such as Li + // Cl – , BO 2 – –H 2 O at 288.2–323.2 K, , Li + , K + // borate–H 2 O and Li + , Rb + // borate–H 2 O at 323.2 K, K + , Rb + // borate–H 2 O and Rb + , Mg 2+ // borate–H 2 O at 323.2 K, Mg 2+ // Cl – , B 6 O 10 2– –H 2 O at 288.2 and 308.2 K, , and Mg 2+ // Cl – , B 4 O 7 2– –H 2 O at 273.2 K; quaternary systems, such as Li + , Na + , Mg 2+ // B 4 O 7 2– –H 2 O at 273.2 K, Li + , K + , Mg 2+ // borate–H 2 O at 348.2 K, Li + , Rb + , Mg 2+ // borate–H 2 O at 298.2–348.2 K, − Na + , Mg 2+ // Cl – , B 4 O 7 2– –H 2 O at 273.2 K, Rb + , Mg 2+ // Cl – , borate–H 2 O at 323.2 and 348.2 K; , and quinary system such as Li + , K + , Rb + , Mg 2+ // borate–H 2 O at 323.2 and 348.2 K. , The results show that the crystalline form of boron is related to the coexisting ions and temperature. Boron appears in many polymeric forms such as BO 2 – , B­(OH) 4 – , B 3 O 3 (OH) 4 – , B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 2– , and B 5 O 6 (OH) 4 – in the solution containing borate. − …”

Solid–Liquid Equilibrium of Quinary Aqueous Solution Composed of Lithium, Potassium, Rubidium, Magnesium, and Borate at 323.15 K

“…Commonly, the dissolution and crystallization behavior of salts in solution can be obtained through the phase equilibria study of the complex salt–water system at multiple temperatures. Therefore, to understand the thermodynamic behaviors of the borates in aqueous solution, several phase diagrams of the system containing borates have been reported, for example, Na + //BO 2 – , OH – –H 2 O at (263.15–323.15) K; − Li + //Cl – (SO 4 2– ), BO 2 – –H 2 O at 288.15 and 298.15 K; , Na + , Ca 2+ //Cl – , borate–H 2 O and Li + , Na + , Ca 2+ //Cl – , borate–H 2 O at 288.15 K; , Li + , K + //SO 4 2– , B 4 O 7 2– –H 2 O at 288.15 K; Li + , Na + , Mg 2+ //B 4 O 7 2– –H 2 O at 273.15 K; Li + , Na + , K + //CO 3 2– , B 4 O 7 2– –H 2 O and Na + , K + //Cl – , SO 4 2– , B 4 O 7 2– –H 2 O at 298.15 K; , and the phase equilibria of quinary, quaternary, and ternary subsystems of system Li + , K + , Rb + , Mg 2+ //Cl – , borate–H 2 O. − After comprehension of the above research, three forms of boron ions such as BO 2 – , B 4 O 7 2– , and B 5 O 8 – appeared in the solution, and the coexisting ions in the solution and temperature have a direct effect on the structure of boron ion.…”