Physicochemical properties, in particular solubility and the associated
bioavailability, are key factors in determining efficacy of poorly water-soluble drugs,
which constitute 40% of new drugs in the market, and improving them is an important
challenge for modern pharmacy. A recent strategy to achieve this goal is formation of
stable co-amorphous solid dispersions with co-formers of low molecular weight. Here, the
amorphization strategy was applied for low-soluble anti-hypertensive valsartan (VAL), an
angiotensin II receptor blocker, and nicotinamide, which exhibits lung- and
cardio-protective effects. Through interactions with the
renin–angiotensin–aldosteron system, VAL may be used to treat both
hypertension and the current pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using
mechanochemical and liquid- and solid-state approaches, solvated co-amorphous solid
dispersions of VAL with nicotinamide were obtained. They were characterized by
spectroscopic, thermal, and X-ray analyses. The density functional theory, quantum
theory of atoms in molecules, and non-covalent interaction index calculations revealed
the presence of two types of hydrogen bonds between VAL and NIC (i.e.,
N–H···O and O–H···O). One of them had a
partially covalent character, which caused conformational changes in the flexible VAL
molecule, restricting contribution of the tetrazolyl N–H donor and thus limiting
the possibility of co-crystal formation. The recognized VAL/NIC1- and VAL/NIC2-type
heterodimeric interactions were responsible for the excellent durability of the solid
compositions and up to 24-fold better solubility than VAL alone. The synthesized
dispersions constitute a new class of dually acting drugs, containing an active
pharmaceutical ingredient (VAL) and supporting nutraceutical (nicotinamide).