Solubility measurement of hydrogen, ethylene, and 1‐hexene in polyethylene films through an intelligent gravimetric analyzer

Sun, Jingyuan; Wang, Haotong; Chen, Meijuan; Ye, Jian; Jiang, Binbo; Wang, Jingdai; Yang, Yongrong; Ren, Congjing

doi:10.1002/app.44507

Cited by 23 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…They showed that the solubility of ethylene in ternary systems is higher than its solubility in binary system. Other authors showed the same effect in the presence of co-monomers in ternary systems 13,22,23 . Chmelar et al 14 showed that the sorption of 1-hexene increases ethylene solubility in the amorphous PE.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

A novel approach for the estimation of the Sanchez-Lacombe interaction parameters for the solubility of ternary polyolefins systems

Mrad

Sheibat‐Othman

Hill

et al. 2021

Chemical Engineering Journal

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The total solubility of ethylene in LLDPE in presence of propane, isobutane and 1-butene is measured using a gravimetric technique at 70°C and pressures up to 5 bars. In order to overcome the lack of experimental partial solubility data in ternary systems, a novel approach for the estimation of the Sanchez-Lacombe interaction parameters is proposed. The total solubility measurements combined with the independent estimate of the compressibility factor 2 for a mixture of gases using Peng-Robinson EoS as a second "data source" were fitted to SL EoS in order to identify its interaction parameters. This makes it possible to calculate individual component solubility data for the two penetrants in a non-ideal ternary system where the third phase is polyethylene. The observed trends were theoretically interpreted because no available data can be found in the literature for these studied systems. Good agreement was observed between the experimental overall solubility and SL EoS combined to PR EoS, with a difference of 1-4% for the overall solubilities and a maximum of 0.8% for the compressibility factor.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

A novel approach for the estimation of the Sanchez-Lacombe interaction parameters for the solubility of ternary polyolefins systems

Mrad

Sheibat‐Othman

Hill

et al. 2021

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…It was shown as early as 1957 that when two penetrants are solubilized in polyethylene, the heavier one enhances the solubility of the lighter one . If one considers the simplified case of a polymer and two penetrants, for instance ethylene and an ICA, the higher the concentration of the ICA, the higher the ethylene concentration will be in the amorphous fraction of the polyethylene . Obviously this should have an impact on a certain number of values, in particular the molecular weight distribution and the rate of polymerization.…”

Section: Impact Of Ica On Properties Rate and Other Important Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Condensed Mode Cooling of Ethylene Polymerization in Fluidized Bed Reactors

McKenna

2018

Macro Reaction Engineering

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This review gives an overview of the evolution of the technology of condensed mode cooling, primarily for the case of ethylene polymerization on supported catalysts in fluidized bed reactors. It is well known that this mode of heat removal is quite effective in allowing polyolefin manufacturers to increase significantly production rates. What is perhaps less well understood are all of the issues that, in addition to the effect of the latent heat of vaporization of injected liquid components, also have an impact on the rate of production and behavior of the reactor. However, the liquid components injected into the reactor can vaporize rapidly under full‐scale conditions, leaving behind several heavy components (with respect to ethylene) that have numerous effects on how the particles behave, on the reaction rate, and on fluidization, fouling, and other parameters related to reactor and process performance.

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“…In Figure , the hydrogen solubility in PE as calculated by the S–L EOS (with a degree of crystallinity equal to 0.224) is compared with experimental measurements at different pressures and temperatures . Apparently, there is an excellent agreement between predicted and experimentally measured solubility values.…”

Section: Dynamic Mass and Energy Balances For A Slurry‐phase Series Omentioning

confidence: 81%

A Dynamic Simulator for Slurry‐Phase Catalytic Olefin Copolymerization in a Series of CSTRs: Prediction of Distributed Molecular and Rheological Properties

Pladis

Baltsas

Meimaroglou

et al. 2018

Macro Reaction Engineering

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in low-pressure catalytic (e.g., Ziegler-Natta, metallocenes) solution, slurry and bulk phase reactors. Despite the success of metallocene catalysts the majority of commercial polyolefins are still produced by Ziegler-Natta and Philips chromium catalysts. [1] Continuous slurry-phase polymerization, in the presence of a heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta (Z-N) catalyst, is one of the most commonly employed processes in the production of polyolefins, including high-density polyethylene (HDPE), isotactic polypropylene (IPP) as well as their copolymers with higher olefins. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] The Z-N slurry-phase olefin polymerization in a series of continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) and loop-reactors continue to dominate the HDPE production, accounting for almost 70% of the total installed capacity. Polymerization in a series of reactors is often employed to control the comonomer incorporation rate and copolymer distribution, which is important for polyolefin grades and applications (e.g., pipes) that require excellent environmental stress crack resistance. The attractive combination of good flowability and improved mechanical properties is achieved by tailoring MWDs and controlling comonomer branching distribution. The slurry-phase HDPE process technology (see Figure 1) employs two or more stirred-tank reactors in series and utilizes a Z-N catalyst system composed of a titanium chloride compound and an alkyl aluminum cocatalyst. The process uses hydrogen as a chain-termination agent to control the molecular weight of the product and a comonomer to control the density of the polyethylene grade. [11] The process operates in a continuous mode using a cascade of two or three autoclave-type vessels. Each reactor can operate under a different hydrogen partial pressure, thereby allowing the control of the molecular weight distribution produced in each reactor of the series. Low molecular-weight polyethylene has a low viscosity and a fast crystallization rate, accounting for high polymer stiffness, whereas high molecular-weight polyolefins exhibit significantly higher toughness, but a much slower crystallization rate and a lower crystallinity together with a high melt viscosity due to extensive polymer chain entanglement. Typical polymerization conditions are: temperatures of 70-90 °C, pressure less than 10 bar and a reactor mean residence time of 45 min.Modeling A comprehensive mathematical model is developed to simulate the dynamic Ziegler-Natta ethylene-α-olefins copolymerization in a series of slurry-phase continuous stirred tank reactors. A generalized multisite kinetic mechanism is considered to describe the molecular and compositional developments (joint molecular weight-copolymer composition distribution) in a series of continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTRs). Dynamic macroscopic mole balances are derived to calculate the dynamic evolution of all species concentrations in three phases (i.e., gas, liquid, and polymer) of the multiphase system. The polymer molecular properties (i.e., molecular weight dist...

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Solubility measurement of hydrogen, ethylene, and 1‐hexene in polyethylene films through an intelligent gravimetric analyzer

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

A novel approach for the estimation of the Sanchez-Lacombe interaction parameters for the solubility of ternary polyolefins systems

A novel approach for the estimation of the Sanchez-Lacombe interaction parameters for the solubility of ternary polyolefins systems

Condensed Mode Cooling of Ethylene Polymerization in Fluidized Bed Reactors

A Dynamic Simulator for Slurry‐Phase Catalytic Olefin Copolymerization in a Series of CSTRs: Prediction of Distributed Molecular and Rheological Properties

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