Solubility of Metal Oxides in Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Choline Chloride

Abbott, Andrew P.; Capper, Glen; Davies, David; McKenzie, Katy J.; Stephen, U.

doi:10.1021/je060038c

Cited by 618 publications

(471 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4] Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are expected as new solution for plating bath due to their excellent industrial advantages. [5][6][7][8] We have reported Fe, Fe-Ni and Fe-Co films prepared in DES-based plating baths, and confirmed high current efficiency of the plating process. [9][10][11] As some Fe-Ni-Co films with high saturation magnetization and low coercivity have been reported using aqueous plating baths 12 and sputtering method, 13,14 we also focused on Fe-Ni-Co ternary alloy.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Electroplated Fe-Co-Ni films prepared from deep-eutectic-solvent-based plating baths

et al. 2016

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We fabricated soft magnetic films from DES-based plating baths, and investigated magnetic properties of the plated films. The plating baths were obtained by stirring the mixture of choline chloride, ethylene glycol, FeCl2 ⋅ 4H2O, NiCl2 ⋅ 6H2O and CoCl2 ⋅ 6H2O. The composition of the electroplated film depended on the amount of the reagent in the plating bath, and we consequently obtained the films with various composition. The current efficiency of the plating process shows high values (> 88 %) in the wide composition range. The soft magnetic films with low coercivity were obtained at the Fe compositions of ≈ 30 at.% and > 80 at.%, and we found that low coercivity could be realized by the control of the film composition. We also found that the Fe-rich films prepared from DES-based plating bath have some advantages as a soft magnetic phase for a nanocomposite magnet due to their high saturation magnetization and very fine crystal structure.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Electroplated Fe-Co-Ni films prepared from deep-eutectic-solvent-based plating baths

et al. 2016

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“…DESs are gaining popularity for applications as they can be used as solvents in electrochemical deposition for metal alloys, 24 or as a means of dissolving metals or metal oxides out of a wider bulk, 27 however they have never been used as a direct means of metal oxide synthesis or templating. Here, we present a novel synthetic method for the production of gram-quantities of nanoscale barium titanate (BaTiO3) powders using a choline chloride and malonic acid DES.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Barium Titanate Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

et al. 2016

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Novel synthetic routes to prepare functional oxides at lower temperatures are an increasingly important area of research. Many of these synthetic routes, however, use water as the solvent and rely on dissolution of the precursors, precluding their use with, for example, titanates. Here we present a low cost solvent system as a means to rapidly create phase-pure ferroelectric barium titanate using a choline chloride-malonic acid deep eutectic solvent. This solvent is compatible with alkoxide precursors and allows for the rapid synthesis of nanoscale barium titanate powders at 950 °C. The phase and morphology were determined, along with investigation of the synthetic pathway, with the reaction proceeding via BaCl2 and TiO2 intermediates. The powders were also used to create sintered ceramics, which exhibit a permittivity maximum corresponding to a tetragonal-cubic transition at 112 °C, as opposed to the more conventional temperature of ~ 120 °C. The lower-thanexpected value for the ferro-to para-electric phase transition is likely due to undetectable levels of contaminants.

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“…14,15 In its most common form, a DES is a eutectic mixture of an organic salt (ammonium or phosphonium) and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD), that is made up of different components such as amides, metal salts, alcohols, carboxylic acids and amines that may be used as complexing agents (typically an H-bond donor). 16,17 A DES has a melting point that is far below that of its individual constituents.…”

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confidence: 99%

Temperature Effects on the Kinetics of Ferrocene and Cobaltocenium in Methyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

Bahadori

Chakrabarti

Hashim

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The oxidation of ferrocene (Fc/Fc + ) and reduction of cobaltocenium (Cc + /Cc) under different temperatures has been studied by cyclic voltammetry and double potential step chronoamperometry in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) consisting of methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide salt with tri-ethylene glycol, glycerol or ethylene glycol as hydrogen bond donors. The temperature dependence of the measured physical properties of DESs (such as viscosity and conductivity) is discussed in detail. The kinetics of the redox couples are studied using cyclic voltammetry, and the standard heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant, k 0 is found to be of the order of 10 −5 to 10 −4 cms −1 at different temperatures. The diffusion coefficient, D, of Fc and Cc + is determined to lie between 8.28 × 10 −10 to 6.65 × 10 −9 cm 2 s −1 . These results show that both k 0 and D increase with temperature in the studied DESs. In addition, better kinetic parameters for the DES with ethylene glycol as hydrogen bond donor means that this could be evaluated favorably as both solvents and electrolytes for redox flow cells. In recent years, to overcome the toxicity and high price of ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been investigated as potential alternatives.1-3 DESs share many characteristics of conventional ILs (e.g., they have intrinsic ionic conductivity, low-volatility, biodegradability, high thermal and chemical stability, good electrochemical stability as well as non-flammability). In addition, they are simple to synthesize on a large scale.4-6 These properties have been explored for applications such as solvents for electrodeposition and electropolishing, 7-9 electrochemistry, 10 separation processes, 11 chemical and enzymatic reactions, 12 biochemistry 13 as well as organic and inorganic syntheses. 14,15 In its most common form, a DES is a eutectic mixture of an organic salt (ammonium or phosphonium) and a hydrogen bond donor (HBD), that is made up of different components such as amides, metal salts, alcohols, carboxylic acids and amines that may be used as complexing agents (typically an H-bond donor). 16,17 A DES has a melting point that is far below that of its individual constituents. This is because the complexing agent interacts with the anion and increases its effective size. This, in turn, decreases the anionic interaction with the cation thereby reducing the melting point of the mixture. 18Organometallic redox couples such as ferrocene/ferrocenium (Fc/Fc + ) or cobaltocenium/cobaltocene (Cc + /Cc) are frequently used as a standard reference for non-aqueous solvents in conjunction with a quasi-reference electrode (QRE) to control and evaluate electrode potentials. [19][20][21][22] Fc is often used as an ideal internal reference system for comparison of redox processes in different ILs, although Torriero et al. 23 indicate that the standard redox potential of Fc is dependent on the solvation effects of the solvent and supporting electrolyte used. Fc is often poorly soluble in some ILs, mostly in those with ...

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Solubility of Metal Oxides in Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Choline Chloride

Cited by 618 publications

References 14 publications

Electroplated Fe-Co-Ni films prepared from deep-eutectic-solvent-based plating baths

Electroplated Fe-Co-Ni films prepared from deep-eutectic-solvent-based plating baths

Synthesis of Barium Titanate Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Temperature Effects on the Kinetics of Ferrocene and Cobaltocenium in Methyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

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