Solubility of Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 in Aqueous Sodium Sulfate Solutions and Its Application to Separating Na2CO3 and Na2SO4 Salt Mixtures

Zhu, Wenyu; Gü, Yü; Zhang, Lin; Jing, Hui; Liu, Bo; Zhang, Fengbao; Zhang, Guoliang; Xia, Qing

doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.5b00381

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The solubility of CNTNa was measured by the dynamic method, − in which a laser monitoring (JS2-1009016, Beijing, China) observation technique was used to determine the solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE) temperature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of the Nitration Process in 2-Amino-5-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonic Acid Synthesis

Han

Liu

et al. 2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The nitration process as one step in 2-amino-5-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid synthesis was improved by optimizing nitration reaction conditions, improving product separation method to eliminate salty scrap acid and cycle use of the concentrated sulfuric acid. The effect of various parameters such as temperature, quality of fuming sulfuric acid, quality of fuming nitric acid, and reaction time was studied for optimization of the nitration reaction condition. In the optimum conditions, the mass ratio of fuming sulfuric acid to sodium 2-chlorotoluene-4-sulfonate and molar ratio of fuming nitric acid to sodium 2-chlorotoluene-4-sulfonate were 4 and 1.05, respectively. The reaction temperature was −5 °C, and the time of reaction was 3 h. By applying the optimum reaction conditions, the yield of nitration reaction was increased to 91%, larger than that of the current industrial process whose yield is only 65.7%. The solubilities of sodium 2-chloro-5-nitrotoluene-4-sulfonate in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions were determined by a dynamic method, and the results showed that the lowest sodium 2-chloro-5-nitrotoluene-4-sulfonate solubility was exhibited in 0.7 mass fraction aqueous sulfuric acid solutions. So the product sodium 2-chloro-5-nitrotoluene-4-sulfonate of nitration reaction was separated by filtration from 0.7 mass fraction aqueous sulfuric acid solutions, and the obtained concentrated aqueous sulfuric acid solution was reused.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of the Nitration Process in 2-Amino-5-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonic Acid Synthesis

Han

Liu

et al. 2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cell tests were conducted in the temperature range 25 C-70 C, within which increasing the temperature was observed to dramatically reduce cell impedance. Increasing temperature also sharply increases Na 2 SO 4 solubility in the catholyte beginning at about 35 C. 19,20 Galvanostatic step charges and discharges produced voltage efficiency results shown in Figures 5A and 5B for Li and Na chemistry, respectively. Values plotted are the round-trip voltage efficiency, i.e., the discharge voltage divided by the charge voltage.…”

Section: Alkaline Catholytementioning

confidence: 97%

Air-Breathing Aqueous Sulfur Flow Battery for Ultralow-Cost Long-Duration Electrical Storage

Pan

et al. 2017

Joule

176

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The dropping cost of wind and solar power intensifies the need for low-cost, efficient energy storage, which together with renewables can displace fossil fuels. While batteries for transportation and portable devices emphasize energy density as a primary consideration, here, low-cost, ultra-abundant reactants deployable at massive (TWh) scale are essential. An air-breathing aqueous sulfur flow battery approach with ultralow energy cost is demonstrated at laboratory scale and shown to have economics similar to pumped hydroelectric storage without its geographical and environmental limitations.

show abstract

“…The apparatus and procedure of the solubility experiments were described as follows. − Prepared solvent and solute were weighed using an electronic analytical balance (Gibertini, Crystal 200, Italy, accuracy of ±0.0001 g), and then transferred into a jacketed glass vessel connected to a cold-water condenser tube to prevent evaporation of the solvent. The mixtures were stirred continuously with a magnetic stir bar and heated slowly at a rate less than 0.2 K·h –1 .…”

Section: Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Design of Neutralization Process in 1,5-Dihydroxynaphthalene Production with Solubility Difference of Naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic Acid and Naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic Acid Disodium in Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions

Zhao

Pei

et al. 2018

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An optimal design of the neutralization process in 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene production was proposed and discussed. In the new strategy, instead of sodium chloride, sodium sulfate was used in the salting-out process to overcome the drawbacks of the traditional strategy. Then the precipitated mixtures, mainly naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid (1,5-H 2 NDS) and sodium sulfate, were neutralized to obtain naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid disodium (1,5-Na 2 NDS) and sulfuric acid. By adjusting the concentrations of sulfuric acid solutions to 0.3 and 0.5 mass fractions, 1,5-Na 2 NDS and 1,5-H 2 NDS were precipitated out, respectively. The yields of both 1,5-H 2 NDS and 1,5-Na 2 NDS reached 0.98. 1,5-Na 2 NDS was sent to the alkali fusion process, while 1,5-H 2 NDS was reused in the neutralization. In neutralization, the mole ratio (1,5-H 2 NDS to sodium sulfate) was chosen as 2.5 and the reaction temperature was 353 K. In order to determine the separation conditions, the solubilities of 1,5-H 2 NDS•2H 2 O and 1,5-Na 2 NDS•H 2 O in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions were measured over the temperature range from 277 to 337 K at atmospheric pressure by a dynamic method. The new strategy is particularly instructive for the industrial production of 1,5dihydroxynaphthalene.

show abstract

Solubility of Na₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃ in Aqueous Sodium Sulfate Solutions and Its Application to Separating Na₂CO₃ and Na₂SO₄ Salt Mixtures

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Improvement of the Nitration Process in 2-Amino-5-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonic Acid Synthesis

Improvement of the Nitration Process in 2-Amino-5-chloro-4-methylbenzenesulfonic Acid Synthesis

Air-Breathing Aqueous Sulfur Flow Battery for Ultralow-Cost Long-Duration Electrical Storage

Optimal Design of Neutralization Process in 1,5-Dihydroxynaphthalene Production with Solubility Difference of Naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic Acid and Naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic Acid Disodium in Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About