Solubility of NaCl, NaBr, and KCl in Water, Methanol, Ethanol, and Their Mixed Solvents

Pinho, Simão P.; Macedo, Eugénia A.

doi:10.1021/je049922y

Cited by 358 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This value agrees exactly with the IUPACrecommended value [4] of 26.450 ± 0.073 g NaCI/100 g sin discussed above. A recent independent study by Pinho and Macedo [ 12], employing a similar approach to the present work but drying at 120 °C, reported a solubility of 26.483 ± 0.013 g NaCI/100 g sin. After correction for -0.15 mass % residual water [9,10] in the dried NaCI(s), this result corresponds to 26.44 ± 0.02 g NaCI/100 g sin.…”

Section: An "In-between" Solubility: Naci(s) In H 2supporting

confidence: 69%

Some highs and lows (and in-betweens) of solubility measurements of solid electrolytes

Hefter

2013

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Recent solubility measurements of a variety of solid electrolytes in water and aqueous solutions in the author's laboratories are reviewed. The experimental challenge of performing such measurements with high accuracy is demonstrated using the solubility of solid sodium chloride in water at near-ambient temperatures as a paradigm. The special difficulties of measuring low solubilities are demonstrated using Pb(ll) sulfate in various aqueous solutions and Pb(Il) oxide in sodium hydroxide solutions, and the usefulness of such measurements for obtaining reliable information on homogeneous reactions in solution is briefly discussed. It is also shown, using the alkali metal trit1ate salts as examples, that determination of the solubilities of even highly soluble salts can be problematic. Lastly, data for the solubilities of a series of sodium carboxylate salts of industrial relevance are discussed and are used to illustrate why the theoretical prediction of solid electrolyte solubilities remains such a challenge.

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Section: An "In-between" Solubility: Naci(s) In H 2supporting

confidence: 69%

Some highs and lows (and in-betweens) of solubility measurements of solid electrolytes

Hefter

2013

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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“…The main reason for this is its high solubility: 26 weight % (Pinho and Macedo, 2005) and rapid interface kinetics at room temperature. However, few rock-forming minerals are as plastically deforming as NaCl.…”

Section: Coupling With Other Processes: Plasticity Fracturing and Elmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Pressure Solution Creep in the Ductility of the Earth’s Upper Crust

Gratier

Dysthe

Renard

2013

Advances in Geophysics

248

274

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The aim of this review is to characterize the role of pressure solution creep in the ductility of the Earth's upper crust and to describe how this creep mechanism competes and interacts with other deformation mechanisms. Pressure solution creep is a major mechanism of ductile deformation of the upper crust, accommodating basin compaction, folding, shear zone development, and fault creep and interseismic healing. However, its kinetics is strongly dependent on the composition of the rocks (mainly the presence of phyllosilicates minerals that activate pressure solution) and on its interaction with fracturing and healing processes (that activate and slow down pressure solution, respectively).The present review combines three approaches: natural observations, theoretical developments, and laboratory experiments. Natural observations can be used to identify the pressure solution markers necessary to evaluate creep law parameters, such as the nature of the material, the temperature and stress conditions or the geometry of mass transfer domains. Theoretical developments help to investigate the thermodynamics and kinetics of the processes and to build theoretical creep laws.Laboratory experiments are implemented in order to test the models and to measure creep law parameters such as driving forces and kinetic coefficients. Finally, applications are discussed for the modelling of sedimentary basin compaction and fault creep. The sensitivity of the models to time is given particular attention: viscous versus plastic rheology during sediment compaction; steady state versus non-steady state behaviour of fault and shear zones. The conclusions discuss recent advances for modelling pressure solution creep and the main questions that remain to be solved. -IntroductionIn order to investigate the role of pressure solution creep in the ductility of the Earth's upper crust the various mechanical behaviour patterns of the upper crust must first be discussed. Two types of approach can be considered on this topic.1 -The mechanical behaviour of the upper crust is modelled using brittle theories, that include friction laws (Byerlee, 1978;Marone, 1998). This modelling approach is supported by two kinds of observations: (i) the maximum frequency of earthquakes is located within the first 15-20 km of the upper crust (Chen and Molnar, 1983;Sibson, 1982); (ii) laboratory experiments run at relatively fast strain-rates (faster than 10 -7 s -1 ) indicate a transition from frictional to plastic deformation at pressure and temperature conditions appropriate for a depth of 10-20 km (Kohlstedt et al., 1995;Paterson, 1978;Poirier, 1985).2 -Conversely, the behaviour of the upper crust is also modelled by ductile behaviour with creep laws (Wheeler, 1992). This modelling approach is supported by two kinds of observations: (i) geological structures exhumed from depth, such as compacted basin, folds and shear zones, and regional cleavage, indicate ductile behaviour throughout the upper crust (Argand, 1924;Hauck et al., 1998;Schmidt et al., 1996) (Fig. ...

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“…For the solubility of NaCl, it is 26.5 g/100 g in water and 0.055 g/100 g in ethanol at 25 • C, respectively. In hexane and toluene, NaCl is almost unsolvable at room temperature [27]. Thus, NaCl formed in the dechlorination could be easily dissolved and ionized in water, and it would not deposit on the surface of the catalyst and block the pores of carbon support in aqueous solutions, which would not inhibit the adsorption and activation of the reactants.…”

Section: The Effects Of Different Solvents On the Hydrodechlorinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pd-catalyzed hydrodechlorination of chlorophenols in aqueous solutions under mild conditions: A promising approach to practical use in wastewater

Chen

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2009

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Solubility of NaCl, NaBr, and KCl in Water, Methanol, Ethanol, and Their Mixed Solvents

Cited by 358 publications

References 15 publications

Some highs and lows (and in-betweens) of solubility measurements of solid electrolytes

Some highs and lows (and in-betweens) of solubility measurements of solid electrolytes

The Role of Pressure Solution Creep in the Ductility of the Earth’s Upper Crust

The Pd-catalyzed hydrodechlorination of chlorophenols in aqueous solutions under mild conditions: A promising approach to practical use in wastewater

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