Solubility of niobium carbide and niobium carbonitride in alloyed austenite and ferrite

Effect of Silicon on the Kinetics of Nb(C, N) Precipitation during the Hot Working of Nb-bearing Steels.

“…However, at 1 200°C, particles were only observed clearly in steels F712 (0.48% Si) and slightly in F752 (0.41% Si). With the aid of the Nb(C, N) solubility product 5) and a variety of Wagner parameters 6,7) reported in the literature, and using the present experimen-tal results as a guideline, the following solubility product formula, which includes the effects of both Mn and Si, was derived from a basic thermodynamic model:…”

Effect of Niobium on Precipitates and Texture Evolution of Fe-3% Si Grain-oriented Electrical Steel Annealed Hot Band

“…Dissolution temperature of the precipitates is calculated by Eqs. (1)- (4), 11,20) where T is temperature in Kelvin, [Nb], [C], and [N] are mass percentage of the elements, subscript γ and α represent austenite and ferrite respectively:…”

The influence of niobium content on austenite grain growth in microalloyed steels

“…Grain refinement has been found to increase both the strength and toughness of steels (Gao and Baker, 1998;Sharma, Lakshmanan, and Kirkaldy, 1984;Seok et al, 2014;Maalekian et al, 2012). It is also known that the austenite grain size directly influences the microstructure, and thus the mechanical properties, of the steel (Maalekian et al, 2012;Yue et al, 2010).…”