“…In duced pre cip i ta tion of these phases is the fun da men tal con cept of the in situ im mo bi liza tion of Pb and As in con tam i nated soils and wastes (e.g., Cotter-Howells, 1996;Cot ter-Howells and Caporn, 1996;Manecki et al, 2000;Cam pos, 2002;Cao and Ma, 2004;Bajda et al, 2007). Op ti mi za tion of this treat ment method re quires ex ten sive re search on ap a tite phases in the field of their iden ti fi ca tion, crys tal li za tion, trans for ma tion, struc ture re fine ment and thermo dy namic sta bil ity (e.g., Ma et al, 1994a, b;Flis et al, 2010Flis et al, , 2011Bajda, 2010;Baikie et al, 2014;Topolska et al, 2016;Solecka et al, 2018;Puzio et al, 2018). Also, a num ber of pub lica tions on the in flu ence of mi cro or gan isms on the sta bil ity of Pb-apatites in the en vi ron ment has been pub lished (e.g., Manecki and Maurice, 2008;Park et al, 2011;Topolska et al, 2013Topolska et al, , 2014Ceci et al, 2015).…”