Solubility of Sodium Acetate in Ternary Mixtures of Methanol, 1-Propanol, Acetonitrile, and Water at 298.2 K

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The solubility of sodium acetate in ternary solvent mixtures of water + methanol (MeOH) + acetonitrile (ACN), water + MeOH + 1-propanol (PrOH), water + PrOH + ACN, and MeOH + PrOH + ACN at 298.2 K is reported and mathematically represented using two numerical analyses (based on measured solubility data in 54 ternary mixtures containing the particular solvents in the mass fraction ranges between 0.08 and 0.84). In the first analysis, the solubility is predicted using the Jouyban−Acree model constants for the binary mixtures of the respective solvent pairs that were used to prepare the ternary mixtures. By this approach, the overall mean percentage deviation (OMPD) of the predicted data in ternary solvents is 57 %. The largest OMPD for this model was up to 80 % for a mixture of water, PrOH, and ACN. To improve the model, an additional term (with ternary constants J i ∥ ) was included, reflecting the combined effect of all three solvents in a mixture. By this numerical analysis, the experimental ternary solubility data is used to calculate the additional ternary constants. After employing the calculated constants, the prediction of the solubility in the ternary mixtures was improved significantly by a factor of 2 with an OMPD of 25 %. As an additional ability of the Jouyban−Acree model, the density of the solute saturated solutions in the solvent mixtures is predicted using three numerical methods; i.e., (i) data of solute saturated solutions in the binary solvent mixtures, (ii) ternary mixtures, and (iii) density data of solute free binary solvent mixtures with predicting errors (OMPD) of 1.2 %, 3.0 %, and 2.8 %, respectively. ■ INTRODUCTIONIt is important to know the solubility of salts in organic and mixed solvent systems in many industrial and natural processes such as solubilization, crystallization, liquid extraction, distillation, and inorganic salt absorption. The solubility of electrolytes in nonaqueous solvents is essential for theoretical studies concerning the liquid phase structure and its thermodynamic properties. Also, the solubility of inorganic salts plays a significant role in determining the physical and chemical properties of ionic solutions. However, such solubility phenomena are less studied and often very scarce. Sometimes the published data measured by different researchers are even contradictory. 1,2Sodium acetate is an important material in many fields of science and technology. In food industries, it is used as a buffer constituent in controlling the pH during various stages of processing and is used as a seasoning. It is one of the FDA recommended materials as a food additive.3 In petroleum and textile industries, 4 it is used as a buffering agent and for the neutralization of sulfuric acid waste streams, respectively. In medical applications, it is used as a fluid bath for hemodialysis 5 and as a source of sodium for addition to large volume intravenous fluids to prevent or correct hyponatremic patients. 6The rubber industries, tanning, concrete, and heating pads are other appl...

Solubility of Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane in Water + Methanol +1-Propanol Mixtures at Various Temperatures

“…The solubility data of TRIS in each solvent system at various temperatures (x T ) could be mathematically represented using the van't Hoff equation 33 = + x A B T ln T (6) where A and B are the model constants calculated using a leastsquare method.…”

“…As an example, the solubility of potassium phosphate in methanol (MeOH) is less than 5 × 10 −3 mol·L −1 which restricts it use in organic-rich aqueous mixtures. 4 An organic buffering agent like TRIS (tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane), with solubilities of 0.224 mol·L −1 (0.0092 in mole fraction) and 0.064 mol·L −1 (0.0050 in mole fraction) in MeOH and 1-propanol (1-PrOH) 5 and sodium acetate with solubilities of 1.58 and 0.0937 mol·L −1 in MeOH and 1-propanol, respectively, 6 is a favorable alternative buffering agent replacement for minerals. Moreover, organic buffers are sufficiently soluble in water (TRIS, 4.5 M, sodium acetate, 5.53 M) for use in both water-and organic-rich mixtures.…”

Solubilities of Naringin and Naringenin in Different Solvents and Dissociation Constants of Naringenin

“…10 Moreover, to know the solubility of electrolytes in nonaqueous solvents is important for theoretical studies concerning the liquid phase structure and its thermodynamic properties. 11 The solubilities of naringenin in the binary system of ethanol and water 12 have been reported in recent years. However, comparative studies on the solubility phenomena of naringin and naringenin in different solvents are less studied and often very scarce.…”

“…The solubility data of solutes are necessary for determining the appropriate solvents for extraction, separation, production, and purification of organic compounds . Moreover, to know the solubility of electrolytes in nonaqueous solvents is important for theoretical studies concerning the liquid phase structure and its thermodynamic properties . The solubilities of naringenin in the binary system of ethanol and water have been reported in recent years.…”