Solubilization of an lvb coal by reductive alkylation

Sternberg, Heinz W.; Donne, C.L. Delle; Pantages, Peter; Moroni, E.C.; Markby, Raymond

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(71)90030-5

Cited by 151 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, we decided to use C 8 K as a point of departure for the synthesis of soluble, derivatized graphite nanoplatelets with the methodologies that were developed earlier to functionalize coal, fullerenes, and singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). [32][33][34][35] The synthesis of C 8 K, a bronze powder, is achieved readily by melting potassium over graphite (synthetic graphite powder, < 20 mm, Aldrich) under an atmosphere of argon. [11] Freshly prepared C 8 K was treated with 1-iodododecane, as illustrated in Scheme 1, to produce dodecylated graphite (1), which is soluble in chloroform, benzene, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Potassium Graphite

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Potassium Graphite

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…For example, although a cross-linked matrix would make coal solubilization dependent on thermal rupture of C-C bonds (at or near 400 °C) and on rapid stabilization of the resultant radicals by Η capping, extensive (>80%) solubilization of bituminous coals has been achieved at temperatures as low as 300 °C by reacting them with solvents such as anthracene, phenanthrene, or anaphthol (88-90), which are incapable of donating Η to the coal. It has also been shown (91) that the solubility imparted to coal by alkylation (92,93) increases with the length of the alkyl chain, even though the longer and consequently bulkier chains allow fewer alkyl groups to be introduced into the coal and alkylation then disrupts fewer C-C bonds. In these circumstances, and noting the massive evidence from coal pyrolysis and oxidation that chemical behavior is governed by the specifics of molecular structure, averaged models can convey no more real information about coal than an equimolar mixture of, for example, benzene and cyclohexane, can provide about the properties of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (Tetralin).…”

Section: Average-structure Modehmentioning

confidence: 98%

Coal Aromaticity and Average Molecular Structure

Berkowitz

1987

Advances in Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although the basic chemical features of coal can be qualitatively and in some instances semiquantitatively specified, "average-structure" models that purportedly reflect statistically preferred molecular structures of coal offer little that advances an understanding of coal. In part, this is due to a continuing paucity of relevant or reliable data and to the procedures used to formulate the constructs. But meaningful representations of molecular structure are currently also precluded by indications that the assumption that underlies average -structure models, namely, that there exists a more or less unique, systematic, rank-dependent, molecular chemistry of coal, is not sustained by the current evidence. Several examples, all drawn from the open literature, are presented to support the view that the chemistry of a coal is heavily influenced by its source materials and early formative history and that coals of similar rank may therefore be chemically much more diverse than is usually supposed. SINCE PUBLICATION OF THE NOW-CLASSIC STOPES-WHEELER MONOGRAPHon coal constitution in 1918 (1), the diffuse coal band that delineates itself in C versus H plots (2) or equivalent diagrams (3) has come to be regarded as implying a genetic rather than merely generic relationship among coals of different rank; and this has prompted the view that there exists a system atic, rank-dependent, molecular chemistry of coal which, if more completely understood, would allow the chemical properties and behavior of coal in specified reaction regimes to be predicted from simple rank indicators. Con temporary basic coal research is therefore heavily concentrated on structural elucidation of a (hypothesized) characteristic "average coal macromolecule"

show abstract

“…Reductive alkylation is one of the most complex mild chemical methods (i.e., it is carried out at moderate temperatures) for solvating coal and it has been extensively investigated (Sternberg et al, 1971;Sternberg and Delle Donne, 1974;Alemany et al, 1978Alemany et al, , 1979Alemany and Stock, 1982;Ignasiak and Gawlak, 1977;Wachowska et al, 1979;Wachowska, 1979;Niemann and Hombach, 1979;Nieman and Richter, 1982;Stock, 1982).…”

Section: A Strong Base Alkylationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The original concept reported by Sternberg et al (1971) depends on the literature published on aromatic hydrocarbon anions (De Boer, 1964;Szwarc, 1968). Aromatic hydrocarbons, dissolved in a suitable solvent, readily form radical anions when treated with alkali metals.…”

Section: A Strong Base Alkylationmentioning

confidence: 99%