A bacterial strain (designated IH5 T ), isolated from rhizospheric soil of grasses growing spontaneously in Spanish soil, actively solubilized phosphates in vitro when bicalcium phosphate was used as a phosphorus source. This strain was Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped and motile. The strain produced catalase, but not oxidase. Cellulose, casein, starch, gelatin, aesculin and urea were not hydrolysed. Growth was observed with many carbohydrates as the carbon source. The main non-polar fatty acids detected were hexadecenoic acid (C 16 : 1 ), hexadecanoic acid (C 16 : 0 ) and octadecenoic acid (C 18 : 1 ). The hydroxy fatty acids detected were 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (C 10 : 0 3-OH), 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid (C 12 : 0 3-OH) and 2-hydroxydodecanoic acid (C 12 : 0 2-OH). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA indicated that this bacterium belongs to the genus Pseudomonas in the c-subclass of the Proteobacteria and that the closest related species is Pseudomonas graminis. The DNA G+C content was 61 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization showed 23 % relatedness between strain IH5 T and P. graminis DSM 11363 T . Therefore, strain IH5 T belongs to a novel species from the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed (type strain, IH5 T =LMG 21640 T =CECT 5726 T ).Phosphorus is an essential plant nutrient that is added to soil as soluble inorganic phosphates, a large proportion of which becomes insoluble and therefore unavailable to plants (Singh & Kapoor, 1994). Many species of bacteria are able to solubilize phosphates in vitro and most of them live in the plant rhizosphere. At present, bacilli, rhizobia and pseudomonads are the most studied phosphate-solubilizers (Rodríguez & Fraga, 1999). Nevertheless, only a small number of species that presently belong to the genus Pseudomonas sensu stricto are known to be phosphatesolubilizers and they all belong to rRNA group I (Palleroni et al., 1973;Palleroni, 1992). Pseudomonas putida (Viveganandan & Jauhri, 2000;Kumar & Singh, 2001;Manna et al., 2001; Villegas & Fortin, 2002), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Musarrat et al., 2000), Pseudomonas corrugata (Pandey & Palni, 1998), Pseudomonas stutzeri (Vázquez et al., 2000) and Pseudomonas fluorescens (Di Simine et al., 1998;Deubel et al., 2000) are the most studied species. Nevertheless, many rhizospheric, phosphate-solubilizing bacterial species remain unknown and more studies are needed to reveal the high biodiversity of these bacteria. Although the study of rhizospheric bacteria is difficult, due to the high number of bacteria present in soil, characterization and identification of these bacteria are necessary for wide ecological studies of the plant rhizosphere.During a wide study of phosphate-solubilizing, rhizospheric bacteria in soils from northern Spain, we isolated a strain that produced a yellow pigment in media that contained glucose as the carbon source and formed a transparent 'halo' around its colonies in media that contained insoluble bicalcium phosphate as the phosphorus source.A sample...