Soluble and insoluble glucans from different cell types of the human pathogen Sporothrix schenckii

Previato, José O.; Gorin, Philip A.J.; Haskins, R. H.; Travassos, Luiz R.

doi:10.1016/s0147-5975(79)80021-3

Cited by 45 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…To determine whether the cryptococcal CMH is cell wall associated, cell wall preparations of C. neoformans (cap 67) were obtained as previously described (43). Cryptococcal yeasts were mixed with glass beads and broken in a cell disrupter (type 853023/8; B. Braun Biotech International).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Antibodies against a Purified Glucosylceramide fromCryptococcus neoformansInhibit Cell Budding and Fungal Growth

Rodrigues¹,

et al. 2000

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A major ceramide monohexoside (CMH) was purified from lipidic extracts of Cryptococcus neoformans. This molecule was analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry. The cryptococcal CMH is a ␤-glucosylceramide, with the carbohydrate residue attached to 9-methyl-4,8-sphingadienine in amidic linkage to 2-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid. Sera from patients with cryptococcosis and a few other mycoses reacted with the cryptococcal CMH. Specific antibodies were purified from patients' sera by immunoadsorption on the purified glycolipid followed by protein G affinity chromatography. The purified antibodies to CMH (mainly immunoglobulin G1) bound to different strains and serological types of C. neoformans, as shown by flow cytofluorimetry and immunofluorescence labeling. Transmission electron microscopy of yeasts labeled with immunogoldantibodies to CMH and immunostaining of isolated cell wall lipid extracts separated by HPTLC showed that the cryptococcal CMH predominantly localizes to the fungal cell wall. Confocal microscopy revealed that the ␤-glucosylceramide accumulates mostly at the budding sites of dividing cells with a more disperse distribution at the cell surface of nondividing cells. The increased density of sphingolipid molecules seems to correlate with thickening of the cell wall, hence with its biosynthesis. The addition of human antibodies to CMH to cryptococcal cultures of both acapsular and encapsulated strains of C. neoformans inhibited cell budding and cell growth. This process was complement-independent and reversible upon removal of the antibodies. The present data suggest that the cryptococcal ␤-glucosylceramide is a fungal antigen that plays a role on the cell wall synthesis and yeast budding and that antibodies raised against this component are inhibitory in vitro.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Antibodies against a Purified Glucosylceramide fromCryptococcus neoformansInhibit Cell Budding and Fungal Growth

Rodrigues¹,

et al. 2000

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“…No variations in β-glucan composition have been observed with the morphological transition of S. schenckii (Previato et al 1979). The presence of melanin in the cell wall may have a protective role in this pathogen since this pigment functions as a scavenger of free radicals (Romero-Martinez et al 2000, Morris-Jones et al 2003.…”

Section: Biochemical Aspects Of the S Schenckii Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Sporothrix schenckii and sporotrichosis

Lópes-Bezerra

Schubach²,

Orofino-Costa

2006

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

167

105

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For a long time sporotrichosis has been regarded to have a low incidence in Brazil; however, recent studies demonstrate that not only the number of reported cases but also the incidence of more severe or atypical clinical forms of the disease are increasing. Recent data indicate that these more severe forms occur in about 10% of patients with confi rmed diagnosis. The less frequent forms, mainly osteoarticular sporotrichosis, might be associated both with patient immunodepression and zoonotic transmission of the disease. The extracutaneous form and the atypical forms are a challenge to a newly developed serological test, introduced as an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis of unusual clinical forms of sporotrichosis.

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“…schenckii, a dimorphic fungus, is the causative agent of sporothricosis, a subacute or chronic localized subcutaneous infection in humans which occassionally becomes systemic (for a recent review on the molecular aspects of the fungus, see 180a). The cell wall components of the yeast, mycelial, and conidial forms have been compared (125,126). Results suggest that mycelial and conidial walls are similar, whereas the yeast walls have a higher carbohydrate content (Table 4).…”

Section: Sporothrixschenckiimentioning

confidence: 99%

The cell wall of fungal human pathogens: Its possible role in host-parasite relationshipsA review

San-Blas

1982

Mycopathologia

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The ability of some fungi to cause disease in animals, and particularly in humans, appears to be related to some peculiar trait of their metabolism not shared by taxonomically related species, so that among thousands of species of fungi, only some 100 are considered pathogenic for humans.Recently, there has been an increase in the basic research aimed at elucidating the physiology, biochemistry, and mechanisms of pathogenicity of the fungi in addition to the responses of the infected host. The results from these studies are often difficult to compare because of the lack of reference cultures, and because variability among laboratories are found for many parameters such as origin of isolates, growth conditions, and fractionation procedures used to obtain chemically defined components of cell walls.This review deals with cell wall structures and their influence in host-parasite relationships in those relatively few pathogenic fungi on which substantial literature exists. Serological properties of the walls are included when available. Readers interested in medical and biological aspects of fungi may consult Rippon's (140) and Emmons et al.'s (51) textbooks, among others. Some reviews on microbial surfaces and their relationships to pathogenicity have been published (160 162)2The pathogenic fungi included in this review are classified according to their cell wall structure, following Bartnicki-Garcia's criteria (15) on the distribution of the two major polysaccharides within the fungal cell wall. This classification is based on the fact that fungi may be subdivided into various categories according to the chemical nature of their walls, and that these categories closely parallel conventional taxonomic boundaries. As seen in Table l, this classification is based on dual combinations of those polysaccharides which appear to be the principal component of vegetative walls, disregarding the presence of small amounts of other classifying polysaccharides. The few pathogenic fungi whose cell walls have been studied to some extent belong to Bartnicki-Garcia's categories 5 (chitin-glucan) and 6 (mannan-glucan) ( Table 2). Besides these main polysaccharides, some minor components of the cell wall may also play important roles in pathogenicity, as antigens, or as virulence factors, and they will be mentioned in this review. DermatophytesDermatophytes are a highly specialized group of fungi that, through long evolutionary processes became adapted to invade, colonize, and nourish themselves on the keratinized tissues of animals. The three genera of dermatophytes are: Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton, of which 21, 15, and 1 species, respectively, are currently considered valid members (1) (ln the Vth Panamerican Conference on Mycoses, April 1980, Caracas, these figures were raised to 27, 16, and 2, respectively). Mating studies have revealed that, for some cases, what were considered as single species of Microsporum and Trichophyton, actually represent complexes of more than one species, indis- Mycopathologia7...

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Soluble and insoluble glucans from different cell types of the human pathogen Sporothrix schenckii

Cited by 45 publications

References 42 publications

Human Antibodies against a Purified Glucosylceramide fromCryptococcus neoformansInhibit Cell Budding and Fungal Growth

Human Antibodies against a Purified Glucosylceramide fromCryptococcus neoformansInhibit Cell Budding and Fungal Growth

Sporothrix schenckii and sporotrichosis

The cell wall of fungal human pathogens: Its possible role in host-parasite relationshipsA review

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