Soluble carbohydrates of dry and developing seeds

Amuti, Kofi S.; Pollard, Clifford J.

doi:10.1016/0031-9422(77)80008-3

Cited by 109 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Raffinose, stachyose and verbascose are galactosyl sucrose oligosaccharides of the raffinose family (RFO) that rank next to sucrose in their distribution in the plant kingdom and are accumulated during seed development in a number of food and feed seed crops (Amuti & Pollard, 1977). They are thought to…”

Section: Caesalpinia Echinatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in soluble carbohydrates during storage of Caesalpinia echinata LAM. (Brazilwood) seeds, an endangered leguminous tree from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

et al. 2006

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Caesalpinia echinata seeds stored in laboratory environmental conditions lose their viability in one month whilst under low temperatures germination is maintained for 18 months of storage. These seeds are tolerant to desiccation, keeping their viability up to 0.08 gH 2 O.gDW -1 . Since soluble carbohydrates are believed to be involved with desiccation tolerance and seed storability, the aim of this work is to analyze the content and composition of soluble carbohydrates in C. echinata seeds during storage in paper bags (PB) and glass flasks (GF) at laboratory room (RT) and cool (CT) temperatures. In freshly harvested seeds, total soluble carbohydrates comprised approximately 10% of the dry weight, decreasing to ca. 8% over 18 months of storage at RT. In seeds stored at CT, sugars varied differently decreasing initially and being restored at the end of the analysis period. The main neutral sugars in seeds from all treatments were sucrose, fructose and glucose. Raffinose and stachyose were present as traces. Free myo-inositol and other cyclitols were also detected. The main tendency observed was the variation in levels of both glucose and fructose in relation to sucrose, the highest levels of monosaccharides which were found in seeds stored at CT. The values of glucose and fructose were practically constant in seeds stored in paper bags for 18 months at CT, decreasing consistently in the other treatments, mainly at RT. Sucrose contents remained relatively stable. Changes in soluble sugars during storage suggest that the loss of germinability of seeds of C. echinata could be associated with low levels of glucose and fructose in relation to sucrose.Keywords: seed longevity, desiccation tolerance, pernambuco, soluble sugars, cyclitols. RESUMO Modificações nos carboidratos solúveis durante o armazenamento de sementes de Caesalpinia echinata LAM. (pau-brasil), uma leguminosa arbórea da Mata Atlântica em risco de extinçãoSementes de Caesalpinia echinata (pau-brasil) perdem a viabilidade em um mês quando armazenadas no ambiente de laboratório, enquanto a capacidade germinativa é mantida quando armazenadas sob temperturas baixas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos analisar o conteúdo e a composição dos carboidratos de sementes de C. echinata armazenadas em câmara fria (CT) e em temperatura ambiente do laboratório (RT), em duas embalagens distintas (permeável e impermeável), visando a avaliar o envolvimento desses compostos com a capacidade germinativa das sementes. Os resultados mostraram que os carboidratos solúveis são constituídos principalmente de sacarose, glicose, frutose, myo-inositol e traços de rafinose e estaquiose, totalizando cerca de 10% da massa seca das sementes. As variações nos carboidratos solúveis foram semelhantes nos dois tipos de embalagem, mas diferentes quanto à temperatura de armazenamento. Em CT, as proporções dos monossacarídeos encontradas nas sementes recém-colhidas foram mantidas por cerca de 18 meses de armazenamento, coincidindo com alta porcentagem de germinação (80%). Nas arma...

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Section: Caesalpinia Echinatamentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in soluble carbohydrates during storage of Caesalpinia echinata LAM. (Brazilwood) seeds, an endangered leguminous tree from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

et al. 2006

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“…Accumulation of certain sugars, a characteristic of most mature seeds (1,16) appears to be central to the development of desiccation tolerance. The hydroxyl constituents of the sugars are thought to replace the hydration shell around membranes and so prevent their structural damage as water is removed (6).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maturation Proteins Associated with Desiccation Tolerance in Soybean

Blackman

Wettlaufer²,

Obendorf³

et al. 1991

Plant Physiol.

164

103

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A set of proteins that accumulates late in embryogenesis (Lea proteins) has been hypothesized to have a role in protecting the mature seed against desiccation damage. A possible correlation between their presence and the desiccation tolerant state in soybean seeds (Glycine max L. Chippewa) was tested. Proteins that showed the same temporal pattern of expression as that reported for Lea proteins were identified in the axes of soybean. They were distinct from the known storage proteins and were resistant to heat coagulation. The level of these "maturation" proteins was closely correlated with desiccation tolerance both in the naturally developing and in the germinating seed: increasing at 44 days after flowering, when desiccation tolerance was achieved, and decreasing after 18 hours of imbibition, when desiccation tolerance was lost. During imbibition, 100 micromolar abscisic acid or Polyethylene glycol-6000 (-0.6 megapascals) delayed disappearance of the maturation proteins, loss of desiccation tolerance, and germination. During maturation, desiccation tolerance was prematurely induced when excised seeds were dried slowly but not when seeds were held for an equivalent time at high relative humidity. In contrast, maturation proteins were induced under both conditions. We conclude that maturation proteins may contribute to desiccation tolerance of soybean seeds, though they may not be sufficient to induce tolerance by themselves.Like sugars, specific proteins are known to accumulate during late seed maturation (4,12,15), and some of these same proteins accumulate during drought stress of vegetative tissue (5,19). A role for this class of "late embryogenesis accumulating" (Lea) (9) or "maturation" (25) proteins in protecting against desiccation-induced damage has been proposed (2, 9) but correlations between protein level and desiccation tolerance have been reported only in developing barley seeds (3).The aim of this work is to test the correlation between levels of proteins that show this temporal pattern of expression (herein referred to as maturation proteins) and the desiccation tolerant state in soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Chippewa). Seeds gain and lose the ability to tolerate desiccation at identifiable points during maturation (3, 7) and germination (16). We have examined an array of proteins in soybean characterized by stability to heat coagulation, a characteristic of hydrophilic, ABA-responsive proteins (14, 23). We report here that the occurrence of certain of these proteins is correlated with desiccation tolerance in naturally maturing and germinating tissue. The levels of these maturation proteins can be experimentally manipulated by ABA or osmotic stress during imbibition as well as by premature drying during development. Their presence in all desiccation tolerant soybean tissue is consistent with a possible role in conferring tolerance. MATERIALS AND METHODSWe are interested in the mechanisms that confer to seeds the ability to survive extreme desiccation. Accumulation of certain sugars, a char...

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“…glucose and fructose) when dehydrated (Amuti and Pollard, 1977). The reduction in the monosaccharide content results in a decrease in substrates for respiration and can bring about metabolic quiescence, limiting the source of free radicals (Carvalho et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal effect of parental lines on the physiological potential and seed composition of corn hybrid seeds

et al. 2017

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Obtaining corn hybrid seeds (Zea mays L.) with high vigour depends on the parental lines and the direction of the cross, and this relates to seed desiccation tolerance and composition. This research studied reciprocal crosses between pairs of proprietary, elite parent lines (L1 and L5; L2 and L4) producing hybrid seeds with different qualities attempting to correlate vigour with seed composition, focusing on storage proteins, starch and soluble sugar amounts. Four corn hybrid seed lots produced from reciprocal crosses were compared (HS 15 with HS 51, and HS 24 with HS 42) by assessing germination, vigour, and seedling emergence in the field. Seed composition was assessed in mature, dehydrated seeds. Proteins were extracted, quantified, and analysed by electrophoresis and densitometry. Starch amounts were assessed using a kit and soluble sugars were determined using high performance liquid chromatography with pulsed electrochemical detection. The L1 and L2 lineages, used as female parents, provided seeds with lower vigour; however, the quantification of major protein bands, and sucrose, raffinose and stachyose were similar between seed lot pairs. While both total seed protein and starch varied between reciprocal hybrids for one of the two sets of crosses, the amounts of neither correlated with seed vigour. Interestingly, hybrids with low seed vigour (HS 15, HS 24) accumulated greater amounts of fructose relative to their reciprocal; correlation analysis confirmed these results. We demonstrate different effects on seed vigour dependent on the maternal parent in reciprocal crosses producing hybrid corn seeds. We also show that vigour is negatively correlated with seed reducing sugar contents.

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Soluble carbohydrates of dry and developing seeds

Cited by 109 publications

References 20 publications

Changes in soluble carbohydrates during storage of Caesalpinia echinata LAM. (Brazilwood) seeds, an endangered leguminous tree from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Changes in soluble carbohydrates during storage of Caesalpinia echinata LAM. (Brazilwood) seeds, an endangered leguminous tree from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Maturation Proteins Associated with Desiccation Tolerance in Soybean

Reciprocal effect of parental lines on the physiological potential and seed composition of corn hybrid seeds

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