Soluble Dietary Fiber Ameliorates Radiation‐Induced Intestinal Epithelial‐to‐Mesenchymal Transition and Fibrosis

Yang, Jianbo; Ding, Chao; Dai, Xujie; Lv, T.; Xie, Tingbing; Zhang, Tenghui; Gao, Wen; Gong, Jianfeng; Zhu, Weiming; Li, Ning; Li, Jieshou

doi:10.1177/0148607116671101

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It is characterized by down‐regulation in epithelial marker of E‐cadherin and an increase in mesenchymal markers of Vimentin and α‐SMA. It has been reported that radiation can induce EMT in a variety of tissues . Previous studies have also shown that the TGF‐β‐Smad3 signalling pathway plays an important role in radiation‐induced EMT .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat‐killed Salmonella typhimurium mitigated radiation‐induced lung injury

Cao

Luo²,

Leiyuan³

et al. 2019

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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Radiation‐induced lung injury (RILI) is a serious complication in thoracic tumour radiotherapy. It often occurs in clinical chest radiotherapy and acute whole‐body irradiation (WBI) caused by nuclear accidents or nuclear weapon attack. Some radioprotective agents have been reported to exert protective effects when given prior to radiation exposure, however, there is no treatment strategy available for preventing RILI. In this study, we demonstrated that heat‐killed Salmonella typhimurium (HKST), a co‐agonist of Toll‐like receptors 2 (TLR2), Toll‐like receptors 4 (TLR4) and Toll‐like receptors 5 (TLR5), mitigated radiation‐induced lung injury through the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signalling pathway. We found that HKST alleviated lung hyperaemia and pathological damage after irradiation, indicated that HKST inhibits the early inflammatory reaction of radiation‐induced lung injury. Then, for the first time, we observed HKST reduced collagen deposit induced by irradiation in the later phase (7‐14 week) of RILI, and we found that HKST inhibited radiation‐induced cell apoptosis in lung tissues. We found that HKST reduced the level of TGF‐β and regulated its downstream signalling pathway. Finally, it was found that HKST inhibited radiation‐induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung tissues. In conclusion, our data showed that HKST effectively mitigated RILI through regulating TGF‐β, provide novel treatment strategy for RILI in whole‐body irradiation and radiotherapy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat‐killed Salmonella typhimurium mitigated radiation‐induced lung injury

Cao

Luo²,

Leiyuan³

et al. 2019

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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“…The SCFA concentrations were determined by gas chromatography (GC) as previously described ( 37 ). Briefly, the feces from participants and cecal contents from mice were diluted, acidified, and extracted ultrasonically on ice for 10 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Lactis 420 Mitigates Autoimmune Hepatitis Through Regulating Intestinal Barrier and Liver Immune Cells

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Immunol.

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Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease of uncertain cause. Accumulating evidence shows that gut microbiota and intestinal barrier play significant roles in AIH thus the gut–liver axis has important clinical significance as a potential therapeutic target. In the present study, we found that Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 (B420) significantly alleviated S100-induced experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH) and modulated the gut microbiota composition. While the analysis of clinical specimens revealed that the fecal SCFA quantities were decreased in AIH patients, and B420 increased the cecal SCFA quantities in EAH mice. Remarkably, B420 application improved intestinal barrier function through upregulation of tight junction proteins in both vitro and vivo experiments. Moreover, B420 decreased the serum endotoxin level and suppressed the RIP3 signaling pathway of liver macrophages in EAH mice thus regulated the proliferation of Th17 cells. Nevertheless, the inhibition effect of B420 on RIP3 signaling pathway was blunted in vitro studies. Together, our results showed that early intervention with B420 contributed to improve the liver immune homeostasis and liver injury in EAH mice, which might be partly due to the protection of intestinal barrier. Our study suggested the potential efficacy of probiotics application against AIH and the promising therapeutic strategies targeting gut–liver axis for AIH.

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“…Myofibroblasts are activated by a variety of mechanisms including paracrine signals derived from immune and nonimmune cells, autocrine factors secreted by myofibroblasts, pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from microorganisms that interact with pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the so called damage-associated molecular patterns derived from injured cells, including DNA, RNA, ATP, highmobility group box proteins, microvesicles, and fragments of ECM molecules (1, 14). The intestinal microbiota (15) (16–18•) as well as dietary components (19–21•) have been recognized to potentially modulate both intestinal inflammation and fibrogenesis. However, at present, neither specific bacterial strains nor specific micronutrients with pro-fibrotic or anti-fibrotic action have been clearly identified.…”

Section: Morphology and Mechanisms Of Intestinal Fibrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal fibrosis

Latella

Rieder

2017

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

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Purpose of the review Intestinal fibrosis is a common complication of several enteropathies with inflammatory bowel disease being the major cause. Intestinal fibrosis affects both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, and no specific anti-fibrotic therapy exists. This review highlights recent developments in this area. Recent findings The pathophysiology of intestinal stricture formation includes inflammation dependent and independent mechanisms. A better understanding of the mechanisms of intestinal fibrogenesis and the availability of compounds for other, non intestinal fibrotic diseases bring clincial trials in stricturing Crohn’s disease within reach. Summary Improved understanding of its mechanisms and ongoing development of clincial trial endpoints for intestinal fibrosis will allow the testing of novel anti-fibrotic compounds in inflammatory bowel disease.

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Soluble Dietary Fiber Ameliorates Radiation‐Induced Intestinal Epithelial‐to‐Mesenchymal Transition and Fibrosis

Abstract: The soluble dietary fiber pectin protected the terminal ileum against radiation-induced fibrosis. This effect might be mediated by altered SCFA concentration in the intestinal lumen and reduced EMT in the ileal epithelium.

Cited by 30 publications

References 52 publications

Heat‐killed Salmonella typhimurium mitigated radiation‐induced lung injury

Heat‐killed Salmonella typhimurium mitigated radiation‐induced lung injury

Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. Lactis 420 Mitigates Autoimmune Hepatitis Through Regulating Intestinal Barrier and Liver Immune Cells

Intestinal fibrosis

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