Soluble II-2 receptor serum levels ? a marker for disease progression in patients with HIV-1 infection

Schulte, C.; Meurer, Michael

doi:10.1007/bf00412971

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Mean sIL-2R values increased with the progression of the disease and were most pronounced in patients with AIDS. They established that sIL-2R is a valuable parameter in monitoring the course of the HIV infection [16]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of Serum Neopterin and Serum IL-2 Receptor Levels to Predict Absolute CD4 T Lymphocyte Count in HIV Infected Cases

Chadha

Gautam

Chakravarti

et al. 2013

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

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A prospective study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of serum neopterin and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) concentrations in comparison to CD4 count to study the progression of HIV disease and monitor response to ART in HIV cases. One hundred newly diagnosed HIV seropositive subjects were recruited. CD4 counts were determined by FACS system. Serum neopterin and sIL-2R levels were measured using enzyme immunoassay. In our study, levels of neopterin and sIL-2R were significantly higher in subjects with CD4 <200 cells/ L (with S. neopterin levels of >25.1 nmol/L and sIL-2R levels of >47.1 pM as cutoff values for CD4 <200 cells/ L) compared to those in subjects with CD4 >200 cells/ L at baseline which indicate that these markers can be utilized for initiation of ART in HIV cases. The levels of these markers decreased significantly after initiation of ART. In patients with CD4 >200 cells/ L, these markers are helpful in predicting disease progression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of Serum Neopterin and Serum IL-2 Receptor Levels to Predict Absolute CD4 T Lymphocyte Count in HIV Infected Cases

Chadha

Gautam

Chakravarti

et al. 2013

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

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“…In addition, a study on Jaagsiekte retrovirus (JSRV) found that although the soluble form of its receptor, Hyal2 (sHyal2), did not mediate the entrance of a JSRV-pseudotype retroviral vector into cells lacking the integrated Hyal2, this purified soluble protein significantly inhibited the infection of the pseudotyped vector in the target cells of JSRV [13] . Moreover, some soluble receptors in the plasma can be considered markers of disease progression, such as soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR) II and soluble IL-2 and IL-6 receptors in HIV-1-infected patients [10] , [14] , [32] . Therefore, soluble receptors play important roles in the interactions between viruses and hosts [33] – [37] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Soluble Form of the EIAV Receptor Encoded by an Alternative Splicing Variant Inhibits EIAV Infection of Target Cells

et al. 2013

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Equine lentivirus receptor 1 (ELR1) has been identified as the sole receptor for equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) and is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. In addition to the previously described membrane-associated form of ELR1, two other major alternative splicing variant mRNAs were identified in equine monocyte-derived macrophages (eMDMs). One major spliced species (ELR1-IN) contained an insertion of 153 nt, which resulted in a premature stop codon situated 561 nt upstream of the predicted membrane spanning domain. The other major species (ELR1-DE) has a deletion of 109 nt that causes a shift of the open reading frame and generates a stop codon 312 nt downstream. Because ELR1-DE presumably encodes a peptide of a mere 23 residues, only ELR1-IN was further analyzed. The expression of a soluble form of ELR1 (sELR1) by ELR1-IN was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Similar to ELR1, the transcription level of ELR1-IN varied among individual horses and at different time points in the same individuals. The ratio of ELR1-IN mRNA species to ELR1 mRNA was approximately 1∶2.5. Pre-incubation of the recombinant sELR1 with EIAV significantly inhibited EIAV infection in equine macrophages, the primary in vivo target cell of the virus. Fetal equine dermal (FED) cells are susceptible to EIAV in vitro, and the replication of EIAV in FED cells transiently transfected with ELR1-IN was markedly reduced when compared with replication in cells transfected with the empty vector. Finally, the expression levels of both forms of the EIAV receptor were significantly regulated by infection with this virus. Taken together, our data indicate that sELR1 acts as a secreted cellular factor that inhibits EIAV infection in host cells.

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“…In addition, a study on Jaagsiekte retrovirus (JSRV) found that although the soluble form of its receptor, Hyal2 (sHyal2), did not mediate the entrance of a JSRV-pseudotype retroviral vector into cells lacking the integrated Hyal2, this purified soluble protein significantly inhibited the infection of the pseudotyped vector in the target cells of JSRV [13]. Moreover, some soluble receptors in the plasma can be considered markers of disease progression, such as soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR) II and soluble IL-2 and IL-6 receptors in HIV-1-infected patients [10,14,32]. Therefore, soluble receptors play important roles in the interactions between viruses and hosts [33][34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The soluble form of EIAV receptor encoded by an alternative splicing variant inhibits EIAV infection on target cells

Lin

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2012

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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Equine lentivirus receptor 1 (ELR1) has been identified as the sole receptor for equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) and is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. In addition to the previously described membraneassociated form of ELR1, two other major alternative splicing variant mRNAs were identified in equine monocyte-derived macrophages (eMDMs). One major spliced species (ELR1-IN) contained an insertion of 153 nt, which resulted in a premature stop codon situated 561 nt upstream of the predicted membrane spanning domain. The other major species (ELR1-DE) has a deletion of 109 nt that causes a shift of the open reading frame and generates a stop codon 312 nt downstream. Because ELR1-DE presumably encodes a peptide of a mere 23 residues, only ELR1-IN was further analyzed. The expression of a soluble form of ELR1 (sELR1) by ELR1-IN was confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Similar to ELR1, the transcription level of ELR1-IN varied among individual horses and at different time points in the same individuals. The ratio of ELR1-IN mRNA species to ELR1 mRNA was approximately 1:2.5. Pre-incubation of the recombinant sELR1 with EIAV significantly inhibited EIAV infection in equine macrophages, the primary in vivo target cell of the virus. Fetal equine dermal (FED) cells are susceptible to EIAV in vitro, and the replication of EIAV in FED cells transiently transfected with ELR1-IN was markedly reduced when compared with replication in cells transfected with the empty vector. Finally, the expression levels of both forms of the EIAV receptor were significantly regulated by infection with this virus. Taken together, our data indicate that sELR1 acts as a secreted cellular factor that inhibits EIAV infection in host cells.

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Soluble II-2 receptor serum levels ? a marker for disease progression in patients with HIV-1 infection

Cited by 14 publications

References 28 publications

Utility of Serum Neopterin and Serum IL-2 Receptor Levels to Predict Absolute CD4 T Lymphocyte Count in HIV Infected Cases

Utility of Serum Neopterin and Serum IL-2 Receptor Levels to Predict Absolute CD4 T Lymphocyte Count in HIV Infected Cases

The Soluble Form of the EIAV Receptor Encoded by an Alternative Splicing Variant Inhibits EIAV Infection of Target Cells

The soluble form of EIAV receptor encoded by an alternative splicing variant inhibits EIAV infection on target cells

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