Soluble osteogenic molecular signals and the induction of bone formation

The induction of bone formation by coral-derived calcium carbonate/hydroxyapatite constructs

“…It has dramatically carved the definition [2][3][4][5][6][7] and later the discovery of morphogenetic soluble signals or morphogens that are now at the very crux of tissue induction and morphogenesis [8][9][10][11]. Whether morphogen gradients cross threshold values at which genes are turned on or off, or influence each other triggering the spontaneous emergence of stable, long-range patterns of morphogen activity, only 'Morpheus unbound' can trigger the cascade of pattern formation resulting in tissue induction and morphogenesis [2,4,5].…”

“…The intrinsic or 'spontaneous' induction of bone formation by a variety of porous matrices is a very interesting phenomenon [10][11][12]. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the first reported heterotopic induction of bone, cartilage and hemopoietic tissue by subcutaneously implanting tissue diaphragms in the subcutaneous space of the rat was published by Selye et al in 1960 [13].…”

Isolation, characterization and investigation of differentiation potential of human periodontal ligament cells and dental follicle progenitor cells and their response to BMP-7 in vitro

“…BMPs and BMP receptors are known to regulate the development of calcified tissues by directing mesenchymal precursor cells differentiation. BMP-7, also known as osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1), was believed to be the crux of the complex cellular and molecular signals that regulate the topography and assembly of the extracellular matrix, delicately guiding angiogenesis [20], vascular invasion, and osteogenesis [21]. BMPs are also involved in osteo-cementoblast differentiation, periodontal development and healing.…”

A Comprehensive Clinicopathologic Analysis Suggests that Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is the Most Likely Mediator of Periosteal New Bone Formation (PNBF) Associated with Diverse Etiologies

“…Some factors were originally identifi ed in investigations of skeletal growth and metabolism [i.e. bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)] (Wozney et al 1988); however, subsequent research has demonstrated that several are later re-deployed in the postnatal period during times of stress and/or injury (Ripamonti, 2006). In the remaining text, we examine several of the key determinants in PNBF and attempt to demonstrate how VEGF is the apparent pivotal factor for all pathways resulting in radiologicallydetectable excessive PNBF regardless of patient age or etiology initiating the process.…”