Soluble Spike DNA Vaccine Provides Long-Term Protective Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in Mice and Nonhuman Primates

Seo, Yong Bok; Suh, You Suk; Ryu, Ji In; Jang, Hwanhee; Oh, Hanseul; Koo, Bon‐Sang; Seo, Sang Hwan; Hong, Jung Joo; Song, Manki; Kim, Jong Man; Sung, Young Chul

doi:10.3390/vaccines9040307

Cited by 34 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Both technologies produce full-length S glycoprotein that contains the signal peptide of the human tissue plasminogen activator gene (tPA) at the N-terminus, with the aim of increasing expression in mammalian cells and which has been shown to improve humoral and cellular immune responses (66)(67)(68). Similarly, the Genexine consortium, has developed the GX19 vaccine, fusing tPA to the ectodomain of the S glycoprotein lacking the TM and CT, resulting in a soluble protein (69).…”

Section: Full-length S Glycoprotein Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Based on the Spike Glycoprotein and Implications of New Viral Variants

et al. 2021

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Coronavirus 19 Disease (COVID-19) originating in the province of Wuhan, China in 2019, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), whose infection in humans causes mild or severe clinical manifestations that mainly affect the respiratory system. So far, the COVID-19 has caused more than 2 million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 contains the Spike (S) glycoprotein on its surface, which is the main target for current vaccine development because antibodies directed against this protein can neutralize the infection. Companies and academic institutions have developed vaccines based on the S glycoprotein, as well as its antigenic domains and epitopes, which have been proven effective in generating neutralizing antibodies. However, the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants could affect the effectiveness of vaccines. Here, we review the different types of vaccines designed and developed against SARS-CoV-2, placing emphasis on whether they are based on the complete S glycoprotein, its antigenic domains such as the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or short epitopes within the S glycoprotein. We also review and discuss the possible effectiveness of these vaccines against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.

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Section: Full-length S Glycoprotein Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Based on the Spike Glycoprotein and Implications of New Viral Variants

et al. 2021

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“…Genexine Company, which has previously published the results of its Phase1/2 clinical trials using of electroporation for Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, has conducted phase 1 and 2 clinical trials against SARS-CoV-2. Recent research by this company has shown that vaccines containing DNA encoding whole S-protein (pGX27-S) or S-protein without S2 fragment (pGX27-S ΔTM), both induce the production of neutralizing antibodies, but pGX27-S ΔTM vaccine induces a higher antibody titer [80] . Several DNA vaccines against COVID-19 are currently in various clinical trials stages and no complete information of the efficacy percent of these vaccines has been published so far ( Table 1 ) .…”

Section: Different Designs Of Sars-cov-2 Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) vaccines structure, mechanisms and effectiveness: A review

Fathizadeh

Afshar

Masoudi

et al. 2021

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

108

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The world has been suffering from COVID-19 disease for more than a year, and it still has a high mortality rate. In addition to the need to minimize transmission of the virus through non-pharmacological measures such as the use of masks and social distance, many efforts are being made to develop a variety of vaccines to prevent the disease worldwide. So far, several vaccines have reached the final stages of safety and efficacy in various phases of clinical trials, and some, such as Moderna/NIAID and BioNTech/Pfizer, have reported very high safety and protection. The important point is that comparing different vaccines is not easy because there is no set standard for measuring neutralization. In this study, we have reviewed the common platforms of COVID-19 vaccines and tried to present the latest reports on the effectiveness of these vaccines.

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“…In Korea, the Genexine Consortium reported preclinical data for the GX-19 DNA vaccine. This vaccine is composed of the whole ectodomain of the S gene and the N-terminal tissue plasminogen activator signal sequence [59]. In the preclinical investigation, cynomolgus macaques were employed.…”

Section: Preclinical Research For Sars-cov-2 Vaccine Development: An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are We Paving the Way to Dig Out of the “Pandemic Hole”? A Narrative Review on SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: From Animal Models to Human Immunization

et al. 2021

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The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a new pathogen agent causing the coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19). This novel virus originated the most challenging pandemic in this century, causing economic and social upheaval internationally. The extreme infectiousness and high mortality rates incentivized the development of vaccines to control this pandemic to prevent further morbidity and mortality. This international scenario led academic scientists, industries, and governments to work and collaborate strongly to make a portfolio of vaccines available at an unprecedented pace. Indeed, the robust collaboration between public systems and private companies led to resolutive actions for accelerating therapeutic interventions and vaccines mechanism. These strategies contributed to rapidly identifying safe and effective vaccines as quickly and efficiently as possible. Preclinical research employed animal models to develop vaccines that induce protective and long-lived immune responses. A spectrum of vaccines is worldwide under investigation in various preclinical and clinical studies to develop both individual protection and safe development of population-level herd immunity. Companies employed and developed different technological approaches for vaccines production, including inactivated vaccines, live-attenuated, non-replicating viral vector vaccines, as well as acid nucleic-based vaccines. In this view, the present narrative review provides an overview of current vaccination strategies, taking into account both preclinical studies and clinical trials in humans. Furthermore, to better understand immunization, animal models on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis are also briefly discussed.

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Soluble Spike DNA Vaccine Provides Long-Term Protective Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in Mice and Nonhuman Primates

Cited by 34 publications

References 56 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Based on the Spike Glycoprotein and Implications of New Viral Variants

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Based on the Spike Glycoprotein and Implications of New Viral Variants

SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) vaccines structure, mechanisms and effectiveness: A review

Are We Paving the Way to Dig Out of the “Pandemic Hole”? A Narrative Review on SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination: From Animal Models to Human Immunization

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