Solute Accumulation by Grape Pericarp Cells

Findlay, Nele; Oliver, K. J.; Nil, N.; Coombe, B. G.

doi:10.1093/jxb/38.4.668

Cited by 98 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Neither transpiration (suggested to be supported by night fluxes; being in accordance with diurnal VPD fluctuations; and a low stomatal density supporting a cuticular pathway of water loss - Greer & Rogiers, 2009), phloem flow or xylem flow (whether partly or fully functional) (Lang & Düring, 1991;Greenspan et al, 1994;Rebucci et al, 1997;Chatelet et al, 2008aChatelet et al, , 2008b seemed to be able to sustain influx during late ripening and to maintain berry turgor. Xylem backflow to the parent vine (Tyerman et al, 2004;Tilbrook & Tyerman, 2009) may have been an accompanying possibility, at least through the central xylem bundles (Düring et al, 1987;Findlay et al, 1987;Lang & Thorpe, 1989). The latter may even have contributed to a better maintenance of the rachis, as found in this study.…”

Section: General Physiological Trendssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Despite many attempts based on, e.g., berry dimension responses (after transport disruption by means of girdling and heat treatment) (Lang & Thorpe, 1989;Greenspan et al, 1994Greenspan et al, , 1996, flow of water-soluble dyes (Düring et al, 1987;Findlay et al, 1987;Creasy et al, 1993;Rogiers et al, 2001), monitoring of xylem and phloem mobile mineral transport (Creasy et al, 1993;Rogiers et al, 2000;Etchebarne et al, 2009), hydraulic conductance measurements (Tyerman et al, 2004), the measuring of berry turgor and hydraulic dynamics (Greer & Rogiers, 2009) and xylem tracheary element analyses (Chatelet et al, 2008a), the mechanisms involved in the triggering and regulation of sugar and water import, as well as berry shrinkage at a specific ripeness level (particularly for a highly expressive cultivar like Shiraz),…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrative Effects of Vine Water Relations and Grape Ripeness Level of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz/Richter 99. I. Physiological Changes and Vegetative-Reproductive Growth Balances

Hunter

Volschenk

Novello

et al. 2016

SAJEV

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Section: General Physiological Trendssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative Effects of Vine Water Relations and Grape Ripeness Level of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz/Richter 99. I. Physiological Changes and Vegetative-Reproductive Growth Balances

Hunter

Volschenk

Novello

et al. 2016

SAJEV

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“…From earlier dye uptake studies and calcium uptake into the berry (as a xylem tracer) (Findlay et al 1987;Creasy et al 1993;Rogiers et al 2001), the hydraulic isolation was proposed to be due to discontinuity of xylem vessels in the berry. However, our previous quantitative measurements of the xylem pathway to the berry showed that the pathway remained functional, though hydraulic conductance was reduced in magnitude depending on variety ( Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell death in grape berries: varietal differences linked to xylem pressure and berry weight loss

Tilbrook

Tyerman

2008

Functional Plant Biol.

112

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Abstract. Some varieties of Vitis vinifera L. can undergo berry weight loss during later stages of ripening. This defines a third phase of development in addition to berry formation and berry expansion. Berry weight loss is due to net water loss, but the component water flows through different pathways have remained obscure. Because of the very negative osmotic potential of the cell sap, the maintenance of semipermeable membranes in the berry is required for the berry to counter xylem and apoplast tensions that may be transferred from the vine. The transfer of tension is determined by the hydraulic connection through the xylem from the berry to the vine, which changes during development. Here we assess the membrane integrity of three varieties of V. vinifera berries (cvv. Shiraz, Chardonnay and Thompson seedless) throughout development using the vitality stains, fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide, on fresh longitudinal sections of whole berries. We also measured the xylem pressure using a pressure probe connected to the pedicel of detached berries. The wine grapes, Chardonnay and Shiraz, maintained fully vital cells after veraison and during berry expansion, but began to show cell death in the mesocarp and endocarp at or near the time that the berries attain maximum weight. This corresponded to a change in rate of accumulation of solutes in the berry and the beginning of weight loss in Shiraz, but not in Chardonnay. Continuous decline in mesocarp and endocarp cell vitality occurred for both varieties until normal harvest dates. Shiraz grapes classified as high quality and sourced from a different vineyard also showed the same death response at the same time after anthesis, but they displayed a more consistent pattern of pericarp cell death. The table grape, Thompson seedless, showed near to 100% vitality for all cells throughout development and well past normal harvest date, except for berries with noticeable berry collapse that were treated with giberellic acid. The high cell vitality in Thompson seedless berries corresponded to negative xylem pressures that contrasted to the slightly positive pressures for Shiraz and Chardonnay. We hypothesise that two variety dependent strategies exist for grapevine berries late in development: (1) programmed cell death in the pericarp and loss of osmotically competent membranes that requires concomitant reduction in the hydraulic conductance via the xylem to the vine; (2) continued cell vitality and osmotically competent membranes that can allow high hydraulic conductance to the vine.Additional keywords: berry shrivel, berry weight loss, cell death, grape berry development.

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“…The stimuli which prompt the fungus to enter the virulent phase are not known, but dilution of inhibitory compounds (e.g. malic and tartaric acid; Ruffner, 1982a, b; Vercesi et al., 1997) during ripening, or a nutritional change in the environment of the pathogen due to compartmentation breakdown in the berry mesocarp (Findlay et al., 1987; Dreier et al., 1998), have been suggested.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunodetection of Botrytis‐specific Invertase in Infected Grapes

Ruiz

Ruffner²

2002

Journal of Phytopathology

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Invertase (β‐fructofuranosidase, EC 3.2.1.26) activity was shown to be stimulated in grape berries after infection with Botrytis cinerea. By using organism‐specific extraction methods, evidence was found proving that both partners contribute to the increase in activity. Qualitative analysis of the extracts by SDS–PAGE showed a new invertase species in the botrytised material, with a molecular weight similar to that of Botrytis invertase (BIT). A method allowing the preparative isolation of homogeneous invertase from liquid cultures of B. cinerea in only three steps (ethanol precipitation, DEAE anion exchange and hydroxyapatite chromatography) with 50% recovery was developed. BIT appeared to be strongly glycosylated; interestingly, the amount of glycan seemed to vary and had a remarkable influence on the chromatographic behaviour of the enzyme. After chemical deglycosylation with TFMS, the BIT peptide was used for the production of polyclonal antibodies in chickens (anti‐BIT‐IgY). The antibodies recognised glycosylated as well as deglycosylated BIT, a partial denaturation of the protein being necessary for reaction. This indicates that the deglycosylation procedure had been successful and that the antibodies were in fact directed to the peptide moiety. However, after a short incubation at 70°C, native BIT was detectable by anti‐BIT‐IgY, while still active. Western blotting with extracts of diseased berries confirmed the fungal origin of the new invertase form. The anti‐BIT‐IgY proved highly specific, although some cross‐reaction with a protein in Monilia laxa extracts occurred. The importance of careful immunogen preparation in the production of specific antibodies, and the potential of BIT as a target molecule for the immunological detection of B. cinerea are discussed.

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Solute Accumulation by Grape Pericarp Cells

Cited by 98 publications

References 8 publications

Integrative Effects of Vine Water Relations and Grape Ripeness Level of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz/Richter 99. I. Physiological Changes and Vegetative-Reproductive Growth Balances

Integrative Effects of Vine Water Relations and Grape Ripeness Level of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Shiraz/Richter 99. I. Physiological Changes and Vegetative-Reproductive Growth Balances

Cell death in grape berries: varietal differences linked to xylem pressure and berry weight loss

Immunodetection of Botrytis‐specific Invertase in Infected Grapes

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