Solute Accumulation in Plant Cells V. An Aspect of Nutrition and Development

Mott, R. L.; Steward, F. C.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a084653

Cited by 42 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The osmotic potential within the tissues of most plants is generally quite stable under normal growing conditions (Mott and Steward 1972;Steingröver et al 1986;Palmer et al 1996;Andrews et al 2005). This results from two key processes: concentration regulation (the substitution of alternative osmotica when others decline) and volume regulation (changes in the concentration of tissue water), both of which tend to reduce variations in the concentration of total solutes in plant sap (Wyn Jones and Gorham 1982;Nobel 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tissue nitrate concentrations are generally greater when light levels are poor, because there is insufficient energy to fix carbon (C) and assimilate N (Roorda van Eysinga 1984; Roorda van Eysinga and van der Meijs 1985). Nitrate which accumulates under these conditions acts as an osmoticum, helping to adjust for any reduction in soluble organic compounds normally present (Blom-Zandstra and Lampe 1985; Behr and Wiebe 1988;Buwalda and Warmenhoven 1999;Burns et al 2011a) so as to maintain osmotic potential and generate the turgor needed to drive leaf expansion (Mott and Steward 1972;Steingröver et al 1986;Palmer et al 1996;Andrews et al 2005). There is increasing evidence that such iso-osmotic processes can play an important role in regulating the accumulation of nitrate in the shoots of some species (Blom-Zandstra and Lampe 1985;Buwalda and Warmenhoven 1999;Burns et al 2011a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of genetic variation and nitrogen source on nitrate accumulation and iso-osmotic regulation by lettuce

Burns

Durnford

Lynn³

et al. 2011

Plant Soil

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Background and aims Characterisation of genetic variation in nitrate accumulation by lettuce will inform strategies for selecting low-nitrate varieties more capable of meeting EU legislation on harvested produce. This study uses a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of lettuce to determine how genotypic differences influence N uptake, N assimilation and iso-osmotic regulation, and to identify key related traits prior to future genetic analysis. Methods Measurements were made on plants grown to maturity in soil fertilised with ammonium nitrate, and in a complete nutrient solution containing only nitrate-N. A simple osmotic balance model was developed to estimate variations in shoot osmotic concentration between RILs. Results There were significant genotypic variations in nitrate accumulation when plants were grown either with nitrate alone or in combination with ammonium. Ammonium-N significantly reduced nitrate in the shoot but had no effect on its relative variability, or on the ranking of genotypes. Shoot nitrate-N was correlated positively with total-N and tissue water, and negatively with assimilated-C in both experiments. Corresponding relationships with assimilated-N and shoot weight were weaker. Estimated concentrations of total osmotica in shoot sap were statistically identical in all RILs, despite variations in nitrate concentration across the population. Conclusions Approximately 73% of the genotypic variability in nitrate accumulation within the population of RILs arose from differences in nitrate uptake and only 27% from differences in nitrate assimilated, irrespective of whether or not part of the N was recovered as ammonium, or whether the plants were grown in soil or solution culture. Genotypic variability in nitrate accumulation was associated with changes in concentrations of other endogenous solutes (especially carboxylates and soluble carbohydrates) and of tissue water, which minimised differences in osmotic potential of shoot sap between RILs. This offers the opportunity of using the regulation of these solutes as additional traits to manipulate nitrate accumulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of genetic variation and nitrogen source on nitrate accumulation and iso-osmotic regulation by lettuce

Burns

Durnford

Lynn³

et al. 2011

Plant Soil

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“…When NO 3 − absorption exceeds reduction, NO 3 − accumulates in the vacuole (Blom-Zandstra and Lampe, 1983). Mott and Steward (1972) assumed that the accumulation of NO 3 − could function in osmotic adjustment. However, Stienstra (1986) showed that NO 3 − did not have a specific function in osmotic adjustment in Aster tripolium L. grown in a nutrient solution with either a continuous or an intermittent NO 3 − supply.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of salinity on growth, ion accumulation and the roles of ions in osmotic adjustment of two populations of Suaeda salsa

et al. 2008

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The effect of salinity on growth, ion accumulation and the roles of ions in osmotic adjustment of two populations of Suaeda salsa were investigated. Seeds were collected from an intertidal zone or a saline inland zone in the Yellow River Delta in Shandong province, China. Seedlings were exposed to 10, 100, 200, 400 or 600 mM NaCl for 18 days in a greenhouse. NO 3 − concentration in the soil where S. salsa grows in an intertidal zone was much lower than that for the second population, but leaf NO 3 − concentration was the same in the two populations under field conditions. When plants were cultured in a greenhouse under natural light conditions, S. salsa from the intertidal zone showed fewer main stem branches and lower relative shoot growth compared to S. salsa from saline inland. Leaf Cl − concentration of saline inland S. salsa was significantly higher than that of S. salsa from the intertidal zone, while the opposite was true for the concentration of NO 3 − in leaves of plants. For S. salsa from the intertidal zone NO 3 − contributed more than Cl − to the osmotic potential, whereas S. salsa from the saline inland exhibited a reverse relationship under saline conditions, indicating that NO 3 − plays an important osmotic role in S. salsa from the intertidal zone in high salinity. In conclusion, S. salsa from the intertidal zone may employ superior control of ion uptake and content than S. salsa from the saline inland zone. The two populations of Suaeda salsa presented different ability in chloride exclusion and nitrate accumulation. These characteristics may affect the distributions of S. salsa in natural highly saline environments.

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“…Plant nitrate concentrations tend to rise when its rate of uptake exceeds that of its chemical reduction,4, 5 particularly when environmental stresses such as low light intensity or short day length restrict the energy for photosynthesis and nitrate assimilation 6, 7. Any nitrate that accumulates in plant tissues is not only used as a temporary store of N8, 9 but also acts as a replacement osmoticum for other plant solutes,10–13 helping maintain turgor and drive leaf expansion 14–16…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric Synthesis of Oxygen Heterocycles via Pd‐Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations: Application to Nucleosides

Trost¹,

Brown²,

McEachern³

et al. 2003

Chemistry A European J

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Racemic butadiene and isoprene monoepoxide react with unsaturated alcohols in the presence of a chiral palladium catalyst and a boron co-catalyst to give 3-alkoxy-4-hydroxy-1-butene and 3-alkoxy-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-butene, respectively, with excellent regio- and enantioselectivity in a dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation whereby both enantiomers of the starting epoxides provide the same enantiomeric product. In the case of 2-phenylbutadiene monoepoxide, easily available from phenacyl chloride and vinylmagnesium bromide, the reaction proceeds by kinetic resolution. A model to rationalize the result is presented. The bis-olefin products are ideal substrates for the Ru catalyzed ring closing metathesis. In this way, five-, six-, and seven-membered oxygen heterocycles are readily available enantiomerically pure. The value of this very simple two step process is demonstrated by the use of the five-membered ring heterocycles to form unnatural and unusual nucleosides that cannot be easily accessed by other means. The sequence involves a Ru catalyzed isomerization of the initial 2,5-dihydrofuran to a 2,3-dihydrofuran followed by a selenium promoted addition of a pyrimidine or purine base. One advantage of this strategy is the easy access to either enantiomeric series, both of which have important biological applications.

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Solute Accumulation in Plant Cells V. An Aspect of Nutrition and Development

Cited by 42 publications

References 24 publications

The influence of genetic variation and nitrogen source on nitrate accumulation and iso-osmotic regulation by lettuce

The influence of genetic variation and nitrogen source on nitrate accumulation and iso-osmotic regulation by lettuce

Effect of salinity on growth, ion accumulation and the roles of ions in osmotic adjustment of two populations of Suaeda salsa

Asymmetric Synthesis of Oxygen Heterocycles via Pd‐Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations: Application to Nucleosides

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