Solute sources and water mixing in a flashy mountainous stream (Pahsimeroi River, U.S. Rocky Mountains): Implications on chemical weathering rate and groundwater–surface water interaction

Hagedorn, Benjamin; Whittier, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.10.031

Cited by 27 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Conservative geochemical tracers can also serve to evaluate hydrological fluxes and, in particular, to estimate evapotranspiration through the comparison of rain and river concentrations. A classical tracer for such purpose is Cl − (Hagedorn & Whittier, ; Stallard & Edmond, ). However, at the Orgeval CZO, Cl − cannot be used as a proxy for seawater inputs to the rivers due to the fact that Cl − is contained within mineral fertilizers such as K‐Cl (Garnier et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical weathering and CO₂ consumption rate in a multilayered‐aquifer dominated watershed under intensive farming: The Orgeval Critical Zone Observatory, France

Floury

Gaillardet

Tallec

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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The impact of intensive farming on chemical weathering in the Critical Zone is still an open question. Extensively instrumented and monitored over the last 50 years, the Orgeval Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) in France is an observation site impacted by intensive farming since the 1960s. The Orgeval observatory represents an ideal place to study the response and resilience capability of the Critical Zone under agricultural stress. This paper investigates the chemical composition of different water bodies in two nested catchments of the Orgeval CZO, including rainfall, springs, rivers, and rocks, over one and half hydrological year. We show that elemental and strontium isotopic ratios are powerful to constrain the origin of the elements. The results show that the river chemistry at the outlet of the two nested catchments is dominated by rain inputs (particularly atmospheric dust dissolution) and the chemical weathering of limestone and gypsum. Fertilizer input is clearly visible, although the distinction between gypsum dissolution and fertilizer inputs needs more investigation. The mixtures of water masses inferred from our data are in good agreement with the hydrological context of the watershed, that is, a multilayered aquifer structure. At the main outlet of the CZO, we estimate that the input of ocean‐derived solutes through rainfall represents 7 t km−2 year−1, on the same order of magnitude as the net fertilizer input (10 t km−2 year−1), and that rock weathering releases 50 t km−2 year−1. Including previously published physical erosion rates, we estimate that the total denudation rate (physical and chemical) of the Orgeval CZO is 20 mm (1,000 year)−1, which, along with the entire Seine watershed, is among the lowest chemical denudation rates for carbonate terrains under temperate climate. Chemical denudation is about 10 times higher than physical erosion in the Orgeval CZO. The consumption of CO2 by rock weathering is estimated to be between 265.103 and 360.103 molC km2 year−1, similar for the two nested catchments. Compared with the rivers, the springs show a higher CO2 consumption rate that suggests, as pointed out earlier, a enhancement of carbonate dissolution linked to nitrification and thus fertilizer application. The hyporheic zone appears to be a hot spot in the carbon cycle at the Orgeval CZO. This study sheds light on the complex, anthropocenic, interplay between geology, climate, and human activities that characterize and that take place in intensive agriculture regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical weathering and CO₂ consumption rate in a multilayered‐aquifer dominated watershed under intensive farming: The Orgeval Critical Zone Observatory, France

Floury

Gaillardet

Tallec

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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“…The prolonged residence period of shallow groundwater allows for a longer reaction time between water and rock, but in the absence of monsoon less precipitation and a low melting rate are the reason of the high SO 4 2− concentrations of the Mingyong River (Liu & Han, 2020). Ion concentration ratios were used to differentiate the different types of weathered rocks since water‐rock interaction is another important component influencing how chemically river water evolves (Hagedorn & Whittier, 2015). There are several indicators that suggest gypsum dissolution (SO 4 2− :Ca 2+ = 1:1) is not a significant source of river SO 4 2− .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What controls the hydrochemical compositions of mountainous river water in a glacierized catchment?

Shi,

Kong,

et al. 2023

Hydrological Processes

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Chemical weathering processes has become a growing issue in research on carbon cycling, however, mineral weathering by sulfuric acid and carbonic acid and its possible impacts on carbon cycle are yet unknown over the typical glacial catchment. To investigate the mechanisms of mineral weathering processes and its influence, the spatial–temporal variations of the major ions in Mingyong River, a glacier‐originated river located on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, were investigated. The seasonal and spatial variations in river solutes were resulted from the hydrological conditions and different mineral weathering rates. The results showed that the major ion compositions of the river waters were characterized by the dominance of Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, with a significantly rich in SO42−. A systematic increase in ionic concentrations (apart from NH4+ and NO3−) was observed in the river water from non‐monsoon to monsoon season as well as from upstream to downstream. Piper diagram results showed 100% (upstream‐midstream) and 72.5% (downstream) contributions to Ca‐HCO3 type, respectively, indicating that a dominated carbonate weathering to the river chemistry. The (Ca2++Mg2+)/HCO3− against (SO42−/HCO3−) scatter suggested that sulfuric and carbonic acid are responsible for chemical weathering. An increased contributions of sulfuric acid from upstream (43%) to downstream (87.3%) on the (Ca2++Mg2+) and from upstream (29.6%) to downstream (88.3%) on HCO3− using the stoichiometry analysis during the monsoon season. Contrarily, H2SO4‐related dissolution (>65%) processes controlled the carbonate weathering during the non‐monsoon season, which indicated that sulfuric acid played a significant part in the process of rock dissolution that intensifies weathering. The effects of accelerated weathering on drinking and irrigation suitability suggested that the Mingyong River water is subject to a salinity hazard. This research demonstrates that the weathering of catchments involving sulfuric acid has the potential to alter carbon cycle and should be considered in global carbon cycle models.

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“…Of particular importance may be its high mean channel gradient and slope angle, as elsewhere, gravity has been shown to exert a dominating effect on stream suspended sediment loads and minimise the effects of other influencing factors (Hagedorn and Whittier, 2015). Gomi and Sidle (2003) also stated that sediment dynamics of steep headwater channels differ from those of low gradient channels.…”

Section: Discussion and Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of different land-use on suspended sediment dynamics in Sabah (Malaysian Borneo) – a view at the event and annual timescales

Nainar

Bidin

Walsh

et al. 2017

Hydrological Research Letters

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Abstract:Suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) and the duration of high SSC are important for river ecology and water resource conservation. Using annual and storm-event datasets, this paper explores the hypothesis that key suspended sediment variables increase along a land-use disturbance gradient in hilly terrain in Sabah (Malaysian Borneo). Five small (1.7-4.6 km 2 ) catchments of increasing disturbance history -primary forest, old growth virgin jungle reserve, twice-logged forest, multiple-logged forest and mature oil palm -were instrumented from late 2011 with dataloggers and sensors to record river stage, turbidity and rainfall. The oil palm catchment had 4-12 times greater mean dischargeweighted SSC (587 mg L -1 ), annual sediment yield (1128 t km -2 y -1 ), median event peak SSC, and duration of SSC above 1000 mg L -1 than in the other catchments. The multiple-logged catchment (last logged around 2004) has SSC characteristics close to values for primary forest, possibly due to increased ground protection against erosion afforded by low understorey regrowth and/or depletion of erodible sediment by multiple logging episodes. Results demonstrate that in hilly terrain even heavily logged rainforest has high value in safeguarding water quality and reducing erosion, whereas oil palm requires careful land management, especially of road runoff and ground cover.

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Solute sources and water mixing in a flashy mountainous stream (Pahsimeroi River, U.S. Rocky Mountains): Implications on chemical weathering rate and groundwater–surface water interaction

Cited by 27 publications

References 51 publications

Chemical weathering and CO₂ consumption rate in a multilayered‐aquifer dominated watershed under intensive farming: The Orgeval Critical Zone Observatory, France

Chemical weathering and CO₂ consumption rate in a multilayered‐aquifer dominated watershed under intensive farming: The Orgeval Critical Zone Observatory, France

What controls the hydrochemical compositions of mountainous river water in a glacierized catchment?

Effects of different land-use on suspended sediment dynamics in Sabah (Malaysian Borneo) – a view at the event and annual timescales

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Solute sources and water mixing in a flashy mountainous stream (Pahsimeroi River, U.S. Rocky Mountains): Implications on chemical weathering rate and groundwater–surface water interaction

Cited by 27 publications

References 51 publications

Chemical weathering and CO2 consumption rate in a multilayered‐aquifer dominated watershed under intensive farming: The Orgeval Critical Zone Observatory, France

Chemical weathering and CO2 consumption rate in a multilayered‐aquifer dominated watershed under intensive farming: The Orgeval Critical Zone Observatory, France

What controls the hydrochemical compositions of mountainous river water in a glacierized catchment?

Effects of different land-use on suspended sediment dynamics in Sabah (Malaysian Borneo) – a view at the event and annual timescales

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Product

Resources

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Chemical weathering and CO₂ consumption rate in a multilayered‐aquifer dominated watershed under intensive farming: The Orgeval Critical Zone Observatory, France

Chemical weathering and CO₂ consumption rate in a multilayered‐aquifer dominated watershed under intensive farming: The Orgeval Critical Zone Observatory, France