Solute Transport Along Stream and River Networks

Gooseff, M. N.; Bencala, Kenneth E.; Wondzell, Steven M.

doi:10.1002/9780470760383.ch18

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Examples include those found in geomorphology, 163,164 river ecology, 20,165 and material transport. 166,167 Discipline and processspecific models continue to be developed and refined, 9,10…”

Section: Key Challenge 2: Quantifying Spatial and Temporal Heterogenementioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution and state of interdisciplinary hyporheic research

Ward

2015

WIREs Water

105

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Hyporheic zones are of broad interest, given their location at the interface between surface and groundwaters, numerous ecological functions, and location as a zone of interdependent physical, chemical, and biological processes. Hyporheic research has been successful in study of individual processes, but our understanding of coupled, interacting processes in hyporheic zones remains limited. Based on an analysis of publications and citations, interest in the hyporhec zone was catalyzed by ecological functions, and interest has become more balanced across disciplines and functions in recent years. Analysis of publications and field studies spanning 12 identified hyporheic processes demonstrates that studies commonly focus on 1–3 processes limiting our ability to characterize interaction or interdependence of hyporheic processes. Analysis of field studies demonstrate that the most frequently studies scales are second‐ and third‐order streams with longitudinal, lateral, and vertical scales of 10–1000+ m, 1–10, and 0–1 m, respectively. These studies commonly considered variations spanning timescales of storm events to seasons. I identified a total of 86 variables used to characterize hyporheic processes of which the most frequently reported 14 variables represent more than 50% of all variables found in this analysis. Thus, a relatively small suite of variables may hold key information to enable cross‐site comparison of findings. Future hyporheic research should address the challenges of (1) defining common metadata to support interdisciplinary research and cross‐site comparison and (2) quantifying spatial and temporal heterogeneity in hyporheic functions to enable multi‐scale assessment and prediction of hyporheic processes. WIREs Water 2016, 3:83–103. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1120 This article is categorized under: Science of Water > Methods

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Section: Key Challenge 2: Quantifying Spatial and Temporal Heterogenementioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution and state of interdisciplinary hyporheic research

Ward

2015

WIREs Water

105

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“…It is therefore important to better understand how internal variability is linked to stream discharge. Discharge is commonly viewed a master variable in stream corridors, linked to predictable patterns in ecosystem function [ Vannote et al ., ; Stanford and Ward , ], geomorphology [ Leopold and Maddock , ], and solute transport [ Gooseff et al ., ; Fischer et al ., ]. However, the internal variability of hyporheic zones has received limited study, because subsurface observations are difficult to make in the field [ Bencala et al ., ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does reach‐scale stream‐hyporheic transport vary with discharge? Insights from rSAS analysis of sequential tracer injections in a headwater mountain stream

Harman

Ward

Ball

2016

Water Resources Research

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The models of stream reach hyporheic exchange that are typically used to interpret tracer data assume steady‐flow conditions and impose further assumptions about transport processes on the interpretation of the data. Here we show how rank Storage Selection (rSAS) functions can be used to extract “process‐agnostic” information from tracer breakthrough curves about the time‐varying turnover of reach storage. A sequence of seven slug injections was introduced to a small stream at base flow over the course of a diel fluctuation in stream discharge, providing breakthrough curves at discharges ranging from 0.7 to 1.2 L/s. Shifted gamma distributions, each with three parameters varying stepwise in time, were used to model the rSAS function and calibrated to reproduce each breakthrough curve with Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiencies in excess of 0.99. Variations in the fitted parameters over time suggested that storage within the reach does not uniformly increase its turnover rate when discharge increases. Rather, changes in transit time are driven by both changes in the average rate of turnover (external variability) and changes in the relative rate that younger and older water contribute to discharge (internal variability). Specifically, at higher discharge, the turnover rate increased for the youngest part of the storage (corresponding to approximately 5 times the volume of the channel), while discharge from the older part of the storage remained steady, or declined slightly. The method is shown to be extensible as a new approach to modeling reach‐scale solute transport that accounts for the time‐varying, discharge‐dependent turnover of reach storage.

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“…[2] Solute transport in rivers is a complex process due to the heterogeneity in geomorphic and hydrologic properties of stream channels. Solute transport into in-stream dead-zones and subsurface hyporheic flow paths significantly increases the time scale of solute retention [Bencala, 2006;Gooseff et al, 2008]. Studies of individual stream reaches have shown that solute retention depends on numerous factors, including stream discharge [Zarnetske et al, 2007], channel bedrock geology [Harvey and Wagner, 2000], physical size of the hyporheic zone [Tonina and Buffington, 2009], and presence of structural features like bedforms and meanders [Wörman et al, 2002;Cardenas et al, 2004;Boano et al, 2006].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrastream variability in solute transport: Hydrologic and geomorphic controls on solute retention

et al. 2013

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[1] Hydrologic fluctuations and geomorphic heterogeneity are expected to produce substantial variability in solute transport within rivers. However, this variability has not been sufficiently explored due to the limited availability of solute injection data in most rivers. Here, we analyzed 81 tracer injection breakthrough curves (BTCs) along Stringer Creek, a 5.5 km 2 watershed in Montana. BTC measurements were obtained for three baseflow conditions at 27 reaches along a 2600 m stream channel. BTCs in upstream reaches (first 1400 m) had receding tails with shallow slopes, indicating high solute retention. Conversely, BTCs in downstream reaches (1400 to 2600 m) had receding tails with steeper slopes, indicating low solute retention relative to upstream reaches. Difference in BTC tails along the stream channel coincided with changes in channel morphology and bedrock geology. Specifically, channel slope increases from 5-6% (upstream) to 9% (downstream), channel sinuosity decreases from a maximum of 1.32 (upstream) to 1.02 (downstream), and the underlying bedrock changes from sandstone (upstream) to granite-gneiss (downstream). Importantly, intrastream differences in BTC tails were distinctly observable only during the two lowest baseflow conditions. Spatial variability of BTC tail-slopes was most sensitive to changes in local discharge at low flow, and to changes in channel sinuosity at high flow. BTC tail-slopes varied temporally with local discharge and velocity at upstream reaches, but not at downstream reaches. These results suggest that local interactions between channel morphology and solute retention vary with hydrologic conditions, and that solute retention becomes more homogeneous at higher stream discharge.

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Solute Transport Along Stream and River Networks

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

The evolution and state of interdisciplinary hyporheic research

The evolution and state of interdisciplinary hyporheic research

How does reach‐scale stream‐hyporheic transport vary with discharge? Insights from rSAS analysis of sequential tracer injections in a headwater mountain stream

Intrastream variability in solute transport: Hydrologic and geomorphic controls on solute retention

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