Solute transport and composition profile during direct metal deposition with coaxial powder injection

Abstract

a b s t r a c tDirect metal deposition (DMD) with coaxial powder injection allows fabrication of three-dimensional geometry with rapidly solidified microstructure. During DMD, addition of powder leads to the interaction between laser and powder, and also the redistribution of solute. The concentration distribution of the alloying element is very important for mechanical properties of the deposited clad material. The evolution of concentration distribution of carbon and chromium in the molten pool is simulated using a selfconsistent three-dimensional model, based on the solution of the equations of mass, momentum, energy conservation and solute transport in the molten pool. The experimental and calculated molten pool geometry is compared for model validation purposes.

Numerical simulation of thermal behavior and multicomponent mass transfer in direct laser deposition of Co-base alloy on steel

“…The mathematical model was calculated by solving the species conservation equations besides the energy and momentum conservation equations. The binary system Fe-C and Fe-Cr were evaluated to obtain the concentration distribution of C and Cr [20]. The solute transfer and composition profiles evolution for binary system Fe-C during double-track direct metal deposition also have been reported [21].…”

“…The dualequation of mass transfer was utilized to calculate separately the composition profile between deposited layer and base metal. He et al [20,21] proposed a 3D transient heat and mass transfer model to predict the solute distribution in the deposited layer. The mathematical model was calculated by solving the species conservation equations besides the energy and momentum conservation equations.…”

“…However, a large number of trial experiments are time-consuming and money-consuming. Numerical simulation has offered an effective tool in prediction the thermal behavior and mass transport in direct laser deposition [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. A three-dimensional mathematical model has been established in which the temperature field and flow field is obtained [11].…”

Effects of substrate crystallographic orientations on crystal growth and microstructure formation in laser powder deposition of nickel-based superalloy

“…In the past decades, many mathematical models have been developed to study the transport phenomenon of LPD [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. A previously developed self-consistent 3-D transient transport phenomenon model for LPD processing is coupled with a newly established crystal growth model to simulate the microstructure formation in the deposited bead of SX superalloy.…”

Investigation of the effect of the dissolved substance on the recrystallization of the clad deposit during the laser fusion of the heat-resistant nickel alloy powders

“…The temperature mode of the powder that falls within the substrate has become an important parameter of the process [5] and can be taken into account during calculation of the fusion thermal fields [6]. The paper [7] shows that transfer of the dissolved impurity generally occurs due to the hydrodynamic mixing. The multiresolution methods [8,9] are often used to simulate the microstructure where the temperature history calculated on a macro-scale, is used to calculate the microstructure on a micro-scale.…”