Solution combustion synthesis of FeCr ₂ O ₄ powders for pigment applications: Effect of fuel type

Abstract

Solution combustion synthesis of iron chromite was reported using iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate and chromium(III) nitrate nonahydrate as starting materials, as well as glycine, urea, citric acid, and ethylene glycol as fuels. The influence of fuel type on the structure, molecular, microstructure as well as chromatic properties of samples was investigated. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed that unlike themodynamical prediction, glycine fuel led to strongest combustion and consequent highest XRD peak intensities and lower lattice parameters. Moreover, the change of fuel type and mixing of fuels affected XRD data. Fourier transform infrared analysis showed that the band position of Cr–O and Fe–O bonds were shifted to higher frequencies by using of fuels with weaker combustion reactions. In addition, scanning electron micrographs showed that different morphologies of FeCr2O4 particles were obtained depending on the fuel type and ratios. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis of the samples showed that oxygen concentration of samples was less than that of stoichiometric ratio of FeCr2O4 due to local reducing atmosphere. Furthermore, chromatic properties of the powders showed that the pigment synthesized with glycine fuel has a better and lighter grayish brown color than the other ones and can be used as a suitable industrial candidate to create a brown color in the ceramic glaze.

Synthesis of (Fe,Cr)2O3 solid solution pigment powders for ink application

“…The obtained phases, the calculated lattice parameters, and crystallite sizes are listed in Table 2. As mentioned in our previous work, 24 among different fuels, the highest peak intensity and crystallinity of FeCr 2 O 4 phase is obtained in the presence of glycine fuel. This is because the activity of –NH 2 ligand is higher than that of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups.…”

“…Iron chromite nanopigments were synthesized by the solution combustion route according to a procedure reported elsewhere 24 considering the propellant chemistry (Table 1) using iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ⋅9H 2 O, Merck) and chromium(III) nitrate nonahydrate (Cr(NO 3 ) 3 ⋅9H 2 O, Merck) as starting materials. Glycine (C 2 H 5 NO 2 , Merck), urea (CH 4 N 5 O, Merck), citric acid (CH 4 N 2 O, Dr. Mojallali Complex Co.), and ethylene glycol (C 2 H 6 O 2 , Dr. Mojallali Complex Co.) were used as fuels.…”

“…Iron chromite nanopigments were synthesized by the solution combustion route according to a procedure reported elsewhere 24 To prepare the ink, 29.5 wt% of media 1 and 29.5 wt% of media 2 were mixed with 2 wt% dispersant and 39 wt% pigment and mixed in a jar mill for 120 h. The prepared inks were then printed on the surface of the ceramic tiles and fired in an electric furnace at 700 • C for 1 h.…”

“…Nanopigments in ceramic inks can significantly increase the coloring ability and reduce the energy consumption. 23 In our previous study, 24 FeCr 2 O 4 nanopigment was synthesized via solution combustion method in the presence of different fuels, such as glycine, urea, citric acid, and ethylene glycol. The results showed that the variation of fuel type led to the formation of pigments with different structures (amorphous to crystalline), microstructures, and chromatic properties.…”

Nanoparticle Black Ceramic Pigment Obtained by Hydrotalcite-like Compound Microwave Treatment

“…The use of alternative routes for the preparation of ceramic pigments has been studied in recent decades to improve reactivity, reduce the high temperatures and times used in calcination, and eliminate the use of mineralizing agents, which are harmful to the environment [4][5][6][7][8][9].…”