Solution-processed Fe2-xMgxO3 ternary oxides for interface passivation in efficient perovskite solar cells

Synergic interface passivation with potassium citrate as an eco-friendly conductive adhesive in perovskite solar cells

“…The peaks at 486.3 and 494.7 eV are given to the bond of Sn 3d 5/2 and Sn 3d 3/2 , respectively. 24 By the Sn 3d 5/2 peak deconvolution, three different valence states, namely, Sn 4+ (486.3 eV), Sn 2+ (487.2 eV) and Sn 2+ -interaction (485.3 eV) can be found (Fig. S2 †), which correspond to our previous reports.…”

“…The bands at 109, 167 and 214 cm −1 (corresponding to the second-order band of the 109 cm −1 peak) can be observed obviously, which are the characteristic peaks of PbI 2 . 24,25 When the PbI 2 powder is mixed with the C 6 H 5 K 3 O 7 powder at a molar ratio of 1/1, a new peak appears at 141 cm −1 , originating from the interaction of the carboxylate ion (COO − ) in C 6 H 5 K 3 O 7 with Pb 2+ . Because many electronic donor materials or Lewis bases bond with lead to passivate the Pb 2+ defect ions with the improved perovskite lms.…”

“…Among them, many studies focused on improving the electron transport layer (ETL) and its associated interfaces, which could minimize the interfacial nonradiative recombination caused by defects and energy level mismatch at the interface. [22][23][24][25][26] Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and tin oxide (SnO 2 ) are currently used as ETLs in regular PSCs. 27,28 Due to the photocatalytic activity, the TiO 2 -based PSCs can suffer from light instability.…”

“…30,31 However, the SnO 2 lm's surface state affects the photovoltaic performance of devices. 32 Under low-temperature annealing (below 200 °C), especially, the insufficient combustion reaction can lead to the low electron mobility of SnO 2 ETL lms, 24,26,33 whereas high-temperature annealing (above 250 °C) can inevitably induce cracks with some pinholes in SnO 2 quantum dot (QD) lms, [34][35][36] which can lead to leakage current for the poor performance of PSCs. To overcome these drawbacks, some remarkable advancements have been made to passivate the defects at the buried interface.…”

Bifunctional Interface Passivation via Copper Acetylacetonate for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Beyond photovoltaics, organic metal halide perovskite with the general formula ABX 3 has found widespread application in various optoelectronic domains, such as light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and photocatalysis during this period. Generally, PSCs are typically composed of a sandwich device structure, using TiO 2 and SnO 2 as electron transport layers (ETLs) and Spiro-OMeTAD [2,2,7,7-tetrakis ( N , N -di- p -methoxyphenyl-amine) 9,9-Spirobifluorene], poly­(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene): poly­(styrenesulfonate), and poly­(triarylamine) as hole transport layers (HTLs) . However, the weak chemical interactions associated with organic cations may lead to an order–disorder transition of the perovskite crystal structure with temperature, resulting in bulk trap states. , In addition, the uncoordinated surface and crystal lattice mismatch between functional layers (or grains) lead inevitably to some undesired problems, such as interface/grain boundaries (GBs) defects, which significantly impact the efficiency, stability, and hysteresis of PSCs.…”