Solution-processed near-infrared polymer photodetectors with an inverted device structure

Liu, Xi-Lan; Wang, Hang‐Xing; Yang, Tingbin; Zhang, Wei; Hsieh, I-Fan; Cheng, Stephen Z. D.; Gong, Xiong

doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2012.08.017

Cited by 45 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In contrast, the active films in devices 2–4 possess nanoscale morphology with relatively small domain sizes and uniform phase separation. In particular, the film in device 3 with 3% DIO exhibits the most ideal nanostructure, thus rendering the highest responsivity and lowest dark current …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Detectivity All‐Polymer Photodetectors with Spectral Response from 300 to 1100 nm

Qiao

Zhou

et al. 2016

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Broad‐response and high‐detectivity for all‐polymer photodetectors based on p‐ and n‐type semiconducting polymers have been achieved through optimization of polymer property and film microstructure. The electron‐donating units in the p‐type polymers affect a great deal of the polymer properties such as solubility, absorption spectra, and electronic energy levels, which in turn can influence the device performance. The polymer (P3) based on dithienopyrrole and diketopyrrolopyrrole is most promising for photodetector applications, as it possesses the suitable energy level with regard to the n‐type polymer and exhibits appropriate film morphology and molecular stacking with aid of 1,8‐diiodooctane as an additive during film processing. The photodetector based on P3/poly{[N,N′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis(dicarboximide)‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐bithiophene)} (PNDI) exhibits good response from 300 to 1100 nm and nearly constant detectivity (D*) above 1012 Jones at 330–980 nm, rendering a great potential of all‐polymer photodetectors for practical applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Detectivity All‐Polymer Photodetectors with Spectral Response from 300 to 1100 nm

Qiao

Zhou

et al. 2016

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…[ 45,66 ] However, the P5 :PCBM fi lm ( Figure 5 e) exhibits a smooth and almost featureless surface with poorly defi ned domains and non-optimal phase segregation, which is usually not ideal for charge transport. [ 66,68 ] These results suggest that P4 presents the most adequate combination of solubility and miscibility with PCBM to achieve optimal fi lm morphology. The larger domains will prevent efficient exciton separation, while much smaller ones will result in increased charge carrier recombination.…”

Section: Active Layer Morphologymentioning

confidence: 84%

Optimization of Solubility, Film Morphology and Photodetector Performance by Molecular Side‐Chain Engineering of Low‐Bandgap Thienothiadiazole‐Based Polymers

Zhou

Yang

et al. 2014

Adv Funct Materials

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7605wileyonlinelibrary.com good solubility and satisfactory device performance is critically important for polymer optoelectronic materials to be used for solution-processed large-scale device applications. Side chains on conjugated polymers can directly affect the solubility and also play a multifunctional role in modulating the molecular energy level, solid state packing and fi lm morphology, which all have signifi cant impact on device performance. A fl exible, long or bulky side chain is often introduced to impart solubility to conjugated polymers. In addition, subtle changes in the side chain can dramatically infl uence the aggregation behavior of conjugated polymers in the solid state, in particular with regard to their molecular stacking and fi lm morphology, which are extraordinarily important for device application but usually diffi cult to predict. [17][18][19][20][21] The infl uence of side chains on polymer property and device performance has largely been overlooked and less studied. [ 3,22 ] Recent studies show that the effect of side chains on the polymer properties, not just solubility, can be very signifi cant, and sometimes even unexpected. [23][24][25][26] The studies on the effect of side chains typically involves the selection of chain type, size and location, but usually without guidelines and lack of a comprehensive understanding. [27][28][29] Therefore, systemic investigations into the structure-property relationship are required, especially for some conjugated polymers that are promising for use in optoelectronic devices in order to optimize the device performance. [30][31][32][33][34] One of such polymers is poly[5,7-bis(2-thienyl)-thieno(3,4b ) diathiazole-thiophene-2,5] (PDDTT), as it has been successfully used in polymer photodetectors with high detectivity in a broad spectral region. [35][36][37] The low solubility of PDDTT in common organic solvents implies a potential for side-chain engineering, which may lead to changes in solubility and fi lm morphology and subsequent optimization of photodetector performance. [ 38,39 ] In this work, we chose the PDDTT analogs having the terthiophene and thienothiadiazole (TT) units in the main chain and the dodecyl group on the side chain ( Scheme 1 ). If different numbers of dodecyl groups are introduced, the polymer properties such as solubility, absorption, energy level, molecular stacking and fi lm morphology are expected to change, which may lead to further optimization of polymer photodetectors. [ 40 ] A series of donor-acceptor (D-A) type low-bandgap polymers containing the terthiophene and thieno[3,4-b ]thiadiazole units in the main chain but different numbers of identical side chains are designed and synthesized in order to study the effect of side chain on the polymer properties and optimize the performance of polymer photodetectors. Variation in the side chain content can infl uence the polymer solubility, molecular packing, and fi lm morphology, which in turn affects the photodetector performance, particularly with regard to the photo...

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“…The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (CH 2 Cl 2 /petroleum ether = 1/1, v/v, m = 3.14 g, yield: 86%). 13 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A great breakthrough work reported by Gong et al fabricated an effective panchromatic photodetector covering 300-1450 nm using a low-bandgap polymer, poly(5,7-bis(4-decanyl-2-thienyl)-thieno (3,4-b)diathiazolethiophene-2,5) (PDDTT), as the active layer [12]. Nevertheless, from then on, few low-bandgap polymers were investigated as photodetecting materials, and most of their devices showed relatively low detectivities [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new polymeric photodetecting materials with low operating potential, flexible solution-processability, and high detectivity, and further gain deep insight into the corresponding molecular design and device optimized strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl 3 ): d 7.78 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 2H), 3.63 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.92 (m, 1H), 1.32-1.18 (m, 32H), 0.85 (tt, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H);13 C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ): d 165.91, 156.02, 134.03, 133.09, 129.85, 126.35, 125.90, 118.64, 43.35, 36.81, 31.91, 31.88, 31.60, 29.99, 29.64, 29.63, 29.58, 29.53, 29.34, 29.29, 26.30, 22.68, 22.66, 14.11, 14.09. ESI-HRMS: m/z calcd for C 36 H 46 Br 2 N 3 O 2 S 3 [M+H] + : 806.11134; found: 806.10992.…”

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confidence: 99%

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2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole-5,6-dicarboxylic imide based low-bandgap polymers for solution processed photodiode application

Zhou

et al. 2015

Organic Electronics

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Solution-processed near-infrared polymer photodetectors with an inverted device structure

Cited by 45 publications

References 37 publications

High‐Detectivity All‐Polymer Photodetectors with Spectral Response from 300 to 1100 nm

High‐Detectivity All‐Polymer Photodetectors with Spectral Response from 300 to 1100 nm

Optimization of Solubility, Film Morphology and Photodetector Performance by Molecular Side‐Chain Engineering of Low‐Bandgap Thienothiadiazole‐Based Polymers

2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole-5,6-dicarboxylic imide based low-bandgap polymers for solution processed photodiode application

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