Solution purification

Antimony and Antimony Compounds

“…During the cleaning of the electrolyte bleed-off stream, antimony is precipitated together with copper in the copper electrowinning cells and recycled into the pyrometallurgical process section [84]. Antimony can also be separated from copper-containing solutions by solvent extraction or ion exchange [83], [85][86][87][88][89][90][91].…”

Poly-thiosemicarbazide membrane for gold recovery

“…The second step, the bridge between the leaching process and the final metal-winning process, is the key step to make hydrometallurgy a more efficient process [3]. Concentrating the gold from dilute solutions to appropriate concentrations for the refining process is a challenging endeavor.…”

A gradient optimization scheme for solution purification process

“…Solution purification, which belongs to the more general area of separation science and technology, is a key step in hydrometallurgy (Flett, 1992). As a widely used approach to obtain pure metals from their raw ores, hydrometallurgy involves phase and status transforms of metal elements.…”